I.Прочитайте и переведите текст (устно).

International trade

International trade is the exchange of goods and services between different countries. Depending on what a country produces and needs, it can export – send goods to another country and import – bring in goods from another country.

Governments can control international trade. The most common measures are tariffs or duties and quotas. A tariff is a tax on imported goods, and a quota is the maximum quantity of a product allowed into a country during a certain period of time. These measures are protectionist as they raise the price of imported goods to ‘protect’ domestically produced goods. Protectionism is no longer the order of the day in most places; even if some developing countries argue that protectionist measures are the way to get their economies going, they avoid using the term.

Over the last 50 years trade barriers have been coming down and free trade, open borders and deregulation now form the ideal for almost all nations, even if the situation is far from one of complete laisser-faire, with no government intervention.

Of course, there are trading blocks with no trade barriers at all such as the single market of the European Union (EU). The WTO, North American Free Trade Organization or NAFTA (the US, Canada and Mexico), EFTA, their equivalents in Asia – ASEAN, Latin America – MERCOSUR regulate tariff walls, customs duties and reduce trade restrictions between member countries.

II. Выберите правильный вариант ответа на вопросы к тексту.

1. What is foreign trade?

a) foreign trade is barter

b) foreign trade is the exchange goods and services between nations

c) foreign trade is the trade without restrictions

2. What are the advantages of international free trade?

a) open borders, deregulation, laisser-faire, single market, trading blocks

b) protectionism, intervention, dumping, quotas, tariffs

c) trade restrictions

3. How is named the trading block in North America?

a) EFTA

b) NAFTA

c) WTO

III. Закончите предложения по содержанию прочитанного текста.

4. The restriction of imports into a country by imposing duties or quotas, designed ___.

a) to protect domestic industries against overseas competition

b) to protect foreign companies

c) to improve connections between countries

5. Some developing countries argue that protectionist measures are _________ .

a) the way to know countries better.

b) the way to get their economies going, they avoid using the term.

c) the way to cooperate with different countries.

6. There are trading blocks _________.

a) with trade barriers

b) with duties and tariffs

c) with no trade barriers at all

IV. Подберите эквивалент к данному русскому слову или словосочетанию.

7. транспортная накладная

a) bill of exchange b) bill of landing c) shipping note

8. невмешательство в экономику

a) protectionism b) intervention c) laisser-faire

9. счет-фактура

a) invoice b) proforma c) insurance

10. товарооборот

a) revenue b) benefit c) turnover

11. партия товаров

a) goods b) consignment c) products

12. торговые ограничения

a) limits b) restrictions c) rules

13. таможенная пошлина

a) duty b) tariff c) tax