Text-study

1. Learn the following words

afford – позволить себе

complementary goods – товар – дополнение

decline – понижать

diminish – уменьшать

elasticity – эластичность

environment – окружающая среда

equilibrium – равновесие

incentive – стимул

increasе – увеличиваться

interaction – взаимодействие

item – вид товара, изделие

i.e. – то есть

marginal utility – маргинальная (предельная) полезность (дополнительная полезность, получаемая от потребления дополнительной единицы товаров и услуг

offer – предлагать

particular – конкретный

quantity – количество

reach – достигать

result in – приводить к

shortage – дефицит, нехватка товара

supply – предложение

substitute good – товар – заменитель

stock – запас, ассортимент

II. Answer the following questions

1. Why are market economies directed by prices?

2. What do you understand by the terms "Demand" and "Supply"?

3. Can you give examples of substitutes and complements?

4. What does the law of supply state?

5. Why does the quantity of product change if its rises or falls?

6. How does the Government regulate demand and supply?

III. Suggest the Russian equivalents for the words and words -combinations given below

Clothing stores, goods suggestion, willingness, ability, to expand, exceptions, instead of, derive from, to occur, shift in the demand, close substitute, to go up, vice versa, petrol, establishment, equal, quote, ceiling prices, floor prices, private sector, quality, black market, usefulness.

IV. Match the words with their definitions

1) supply	a) two goods that go together when the price of one goes up the quantity demanded of the other goes down
2) shortage	b) a single thing, especially part of a list, group, or set
3) complements	c) a supply of a particular type of things that shop has to sell
4) equilibrium	d) something new or different that you use instead of something else that you used previously
5) stock	e) the number of items that sellers will offer for sale at every price at particular time and place
6) item	f) a balance between opposing forces or influences
substitute	g) a situation in which there is not enough of something that people need

V. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the previous exercise.

1. There is a ... of skilled labour.

2. Goods such as hot dogs and mustard are ....

3. I am sorry, that swimsuit is completely out of ... in your size.

4. The professor wanted to see ... 15, the Egyptian pot.

5. They were anxious not to upset the trading ....

6. Goods like Coke and Pepsi are ....

1. In free market economy, prices are determined by the interaction of the forces of ... and demand.