The Past Indefinite/Simple (Простое прошедшее время)

Утвердительная форма		Вопросительная форма			Отрицательная форма
...  +  V II		Did ... +  V I ?			... did not +  V I
I played. Я играл.		Did I play? Я играл?			I did not (=didn't) play. Я не играл.
He She It We You They	played	Did	he she it we you they	play?	He She It We You They	did not play =(didn't play)

Сокращенные формы: did not = didn’t

 

Past Indefinite образуется:

Для правильных глаголов путем прибавления во всех лицах окончания -ed к форме инфинитива, которое произносится [d] после гласных и звонких согласных звуков, [t] после глухих согласных звуков, [Id] после d и t. Группа глаголов, называемых неправильными, образуют Past Indefinite различными иными способами. Форма глаголов в Past Indefinite обычно называется II-й формой глагола.

Вопросительная и отрицательная формы как правильных, так и неправильных глаголов образуются при помощи вспомогательного глагола did и инфинитива смыслового глагола (без to)..

Did you see him yesterday? - Yes, I did.	Вы его видели вчера? -  Да.
Did you hear the news?  - No, I did not.	Вы слышали новость? -  Нет.
When did you see her?	Когда ты видел ее?
What did he say?	Что он сказал?

Отрицательная форма строится так:

I did not (didn’t) see him yesterday.	Я не видел его вчера.
She did not (didn’t) know this.	Она не знала этого.

Примечание: Вопросительная и отрицательная формы глагола to be в Past Indefinite образуются без вспомогательного to do:

Were you there yesterday? She was not here two days ago.

Past Indefinite употребляется:

1. Для выражения действия, постоянного признака, свойства предмета или общеизвестного факта, совершившегося (имевшего место) в прошедшем отрезке времени. Форма Past Indefinite соответствует русскому прошедшему времени.

She slept very badly.	Она спала очень плохо.
He was a good pupil.	Он был хорошим учеником.
The house stood on the hill.	Дом стоял на холме.

Единичные действия в прошлом обычно употребляются с такими обозначениями времени, как:

yesterday  вчера last night (yesterday evening) вчера вечером the other day  на днях on Sunday  в воскресенье in 1980  в 1980 году

last week  на прошлой неделе last month в прошлом месяце an hour ago  час тому назад a month ago  месяц назад long ago  давно и т.п.

They married in April, 1995.	Они поженились в апреле 1995 года.
I took the book from the library yesterday.	Я взял книгу в библиотеке вчера.
He left ten minutes ago	Он ушел 10 минут назад.

Иногда время их совершения становится ясным благодаря упоминанию места действия и других сопутствующих обстоятельств.

We met when I was in Germany.	Мы познакомились, когда я был в Германии.
I didn’t quite catch what you said	Я не совсем расслышал, что вы сказали

 

Примечание: Past Indefinite употребляется в специальных вопросах (Wh-questions), начинающихся с when когда и where где, так как такие вопросы относят действие к конкретной ситуации в прошлом:

When did you see him?	Когда ты его видел?
Where did you see him?	Где ты его видел?

 

2. Для выражения обычных, регулярно повторяющихся действий в прошлом:

He always came to school on time.	Он всегда приходил в школу вовремя.
He never talked to us.	Он никогда не разговаривал с нами.
Last winter I spent a lot of time in the library.	Прошлой зимой я проводил много времени в библиотеке

3. Для выражения ряда прошедших действий, передаваемых в той последовательности, в которой они происходили:

He opened the door and went out of the room. Он открыл дверь и вышел из комнаты.

He took a book, opened it and began reading it. Он взял книгу, открыл ее начал читать.

Exercise 1. Put the verb to be in the Past Simple Tense. Make the sentences negative and interrogative

Example: He … a student five years ago -– He was a student five years ago. He wasn’t a student five years ago. Was he a student five years ago.

1. My friend … in Moscow last year. 2. They … in the room together. 3. My mother … very surprised when she knew it. 4. We … very glad to see them. 5. She …so kind and helped us. 6. I … fond of sport in my childhood. 7. You … so friendly before. 8. My parents … in London last summer. 9. You … glad to talk to the teacher. 10. Skiing … my favorite sport. 11. My favorite season …summer.

Exercise 2. Make the following sentences negative and interrogative

Example: They lived in London last year.

They didn’t live in London last year.

Did they live in London last year?

1. He opened the window before classes. 2. Ann translated a lot of foreign letters last week. 3. I finished work at 5 o’clock the day before yesterday. 4. He lived in Kiev 5 years ago. 5. They returned home in the evening. 6. They lived in London last year. 7. You travelled a lot last month. 8. I visited my friends last week. 9. He played football with his brother two days ago. 10. He answered to my letter last week. 11. I played chess with him yesterday. 11. They danced a lot last evening. 12. We lived in Kiev three years ago. 13. I visited my aunt yesterday. 14. We earned a lot of money last Monday. 15. He liked to draw all day long in his childhood.

Exercise 3. Arrange the following verbs into three columns according to their pronunciation in the Past Simple Tense: work, live, die, start, love, finish, look, visit, clean, like, stay, move

[t]	[d]	[id]

Exercise 4. Give the Past Simple of the following verbs

Example: to have – had – had

to dance – danced

To play, to answer, to stop, to be, to like, to make, to jump, to do, to work, to know, to study, to live, to drink, to watch, to have, to stay, to have, to talk, to get, to earn, to travel, to eat, to go, to finish, to dance, to begin, to read, to bear, to begin, to become, to bring, to buy, to read, to strike, to throw, to wear.

Exercise 5. Translate what is given in brackets

Example: I visited my grandparents (прошлым летом). – I visited my grandparents last summer.

1. We had five lessons (вчера). 2. We wrote a dictation and did some exercises (на прошлой неделе). 3. I lived in Paris (в прошлом году). 4. I played football with my friends (вчера). 5. They went to the swimming pool (прошлым вечером). 6. He traveled around the world (2 года назад). 7. He answered well and got a “five” (вчера). 8. I visited my grandparents (прошлым летом). 9. I went to bed at 10 o’clock (вчера). 10. I made a tour of Europe (в прошлом году). 11. My brother drank tea (позавчера). 12. I lived in London (5 лет назад). 13. I played computer game (позавчера). 14. She went shopping with his mother (на прошлой неделе). 15. They played together (вчера). 16. I liked to swim a lot (в 1998 году).

Exercise 6. Correct these statements, as in the example. Use the following words: Radium; the Eiffel Tower; John F. Kennedy; detective stories; the radio; 1962

Example: 1. Не didn 't invent the telephone. He invented the radio.

1. Marconi invented the telephone. 2. Gustave Eiffel built the Statue of Liberty. 3. Marilyn Monroe died in 1990. 4. Marie and Pierre Curie discovered penicillin. 5. Lee Harvey Oswald killed Martin Luther King. 6. Agatha Christie wrote children's stories.

Exercise 7. What did Claire do on holiday last month? Look at her photos and use these words: go out dancing, have a picnic, lie on the beach, play volleyball, swim in the sea

She lay on the beach

1. ………………………………………………….

2.…………………………………………….

3.……………………………………………………...

4.…………………………………………..

Exercise 8. Fill in the gaps in the newspaper story about a fire. Put in the past simple forms of the verbs

Two people died (die) in a fire in Ellis Street, Old port yesterday morning. They .(be) Herbert and Molly Paynter, a couple in their seventies. The fire .(start) at 3.20 am. A neighbour, Mr Aziz, (see) the flames and (call) the fire brigade. He also .(try) to get into the house and rescue his neighbours, but the heat (be) too great. The fire brigade (arrive) in five minutes. Twenty fire-fighters (fight) the fire and finally (bring) it under control. Two fire-fighters (enter) the burning building but (find) the couple dead.

Exercise 9. Your friend has come from holiday. Make your questions.

Example: (when/come back) - When did you come back?

1. (where/have a rest?) 2. (go/alone?) 3. (food good?) 4. (where/stay?) 5. (how long/stay there?) 6. (how/travel?) 7. (break off the engagement?) 8. (the weather/fine?)

9. (what/do/in the evening?) 10. (how often/go to a dance?) 11. (meet anybody interesting?) 12. (enjoy/your holiday?) 13. (swim/in the sea?) 14. (how/get home?)

Exercise 10. Ask wh-questions to the underlined word

Example: I knew English language two years ago. – What language did I know two years ago?

1. They worked at a large family last year. 2. You lived in that house ten years ago. 3. Ann played football yesterday. 4. Peter decided to go to a medical school last week. 5. They liked to play football in summer.6. My friend wrote an interesting poem last month. 7. I lived in Moscow 5 years ago. 8. He studied very well last year. 9. I knew the English language two years ago. 10. I got good mark yesterday.

Exercise 11. What did Simon and Sally do yesterday? Complete the conversation. Use these verbs: win, meet, go, cost, stag, watch, buy, do, play.

Sally: What did you do yesterday? Did you go to the Sports Centre?

Simon: Yes, I went there with Andrew.

Sally: tennis?

Simon: Yes, we did.

Sally: Andrew is good, isn't he? the game?

Simon: Yes, he won easily.

Sally: What in the evening? at home?

Simon: Yes, I stayed in and watched TV.

Sally: What ?

Simon: A film of a rock concert. It was really good. What about you? Peter yesterday?

Sally: Yes, I met him in town. We went shopping. Peter wanted to look for some new clothes.

Simon: anything?

Sally: Yes, he bought a pair of jeans in Kings.

Simon: Kings? That's a really expensive shop, isn't it? How much ?

Sally: £42.

Exercise 12. Fill in the gaps in the conversation. Put in the past simple negatives and questions

Claire: Did you have (you / have) a nice weekend in Paris?

Mark: Yes, thanks. It was good. We looked around and then we saw a show. (1) (we / not / try) to do too much.

Claire: What sights (2) (you / see)?

Mark: We had a look round the Louvre. (3)……………………………. (I / not / know) there was so much in there.

Claire: And what show (4) (you / go) to?

Mark: Oh, a musical. I forget the name. (5) …………………………. (I / not / like) it.

Claire: Oh, dear. And (6) (Sarah / enjoy) it?

Mark: No, not really. But we enjoyed the weekend. Sarah did some shopping, too, but (7) ………………. (I / not / want) to go shopping.

Exercise 13. Translate into English

1. Это случилось много веков назад. 2. – Где и когда вы впервые встретились? – Это было в прошлом году у одного из друзей Дениса. 3. Я звонил ей на днях, и все было хорошо. 4. Ломоносов основал Московский университет в 1725 году. 5. Мы посадили эти яблони в нашем саду несколько лет назад. 6. Михаил вылетел в Нидерланды две недели назад. 7. Мой брат родился в 1995 году.9. – Ты был вчера в университете? 10. – Прошлым летом часто шел дождь, не правда ли? 11. На прошлой неделе шел сильный снег. 12. – Кто ходил вчера за покупками? – Мама сделала это. 13. Кто тебе помогал переставить мебель в комнате? – Мои сыновья всё сделали сами. 14. Я видел своих родственников в Москве пять лет тому назад. 15. Мой друг рассказал эти новости на прошлой неделе.

Speaking

Exercise 14. Choose the correct response according to the context of the conversation

YOU: Hello. _____________ a one-way ticket to Singapore, please.

  I'd like to buy

  I purchase

  I can buy

CLERK: All right. And when would you like to leave?

YOU: _____________ Monday if possible.

  Following

  Next

  Coming

CLERK: So, the 22nd of May... We have a flight at 7:30 AM. It's $450... should I go ahead and book it for you?

YOU: Yes, ______________, please book it.

  perfection

  is perfect

  that's perfect

CLERK: OK... and your name?

YOU: It's David Boreanaz. Would you like me to ______________ my last name for you?

  letter

  spell

  number

CLERK: Yes, please.

YOU: B-O-R-E-A-N-A-Z. And when does the flight ______________ ( = arrive in) Singapore?

  get in to

  get up at

  get up to

CLERK: Let me check... It arrives in Singapore at 2:00 PM local time.

Exercise 15. Choose the correct preposition or expression

A) You get in/on C) You get out/ off a train but D) out/off of a taxi a bus but B) in/on a car.

E) You can go on/ with foot or F) on/ by bicycle. G) You wait on/ at the platform but the train stands H) on/at the platform. I) You book into/ through a hotel when you arrive and check J) off/out when you leave.

Exercise 16. Read and act out the following dialogue

Booking Train Tickets

Clerk: Amtrak. May I help you?

Anatoly Petrovsky: I'd like to book two roundtrip tickets to Boston.

C: Okay. When are you leaving?

A.P.: Next Sunday.

C: What time do you prefer?

A.P.: As far as I know, there is at rain that leaves for Boston at 9 A.M. I'd like to go by that train.

C: Do you prefer a smoking car or a car for nonsmokers?

A.P.:A smoking car, please.

C: I'll reserve for you two tickets for the nine o'clock Sunday train.

A.P.: Round trip tickets?

C: Yes.

A.P.: How much is it?

C:1 68 dollars.

A.P.: When does the train arrive in Boston?

C: At 11.45 A.M. Your name, please?

A.P.: Anatoly Petrovsky. Where can I get the tickets?

C: At the railroad station, window No.9

Exercise 17. Study the following chart and make dialogues between a clerk and a passenger

Information for student A You work in a railway ticket office Give student B the information he/she wants Trains to Bristol Depart Arrive change at Reading 12.35 11.50 direct 12.50 Tickets Single £13.50 Day return £19.00 Period return £22.40	Information for student B You work in a railway ticket office Give student A the information he/she wants Trains to Manchester Depart Arrive change at Derby 13.30 12.05 change at Derby 14.30 Tickets Single £19.00 Day return £27.60 Period return £36.20
Information for student A You work in a railway ticket office Give student B the information he/she wants Trains to Bristol Depart Arrive change at Reading 12.35 11.50 direct 12.50 Tickets Single £13.50 Day return £19.00 Period return £22.40	Information for student B You work in a railway ticket office Give student A the information he/she wants Trains to Manchester Depart Arrive change at Derby 13.30 12.05 change at Derby 14.30 Tickets Single £19.00 Day return £27.60 Period return £36.20
Information for student A You work in a railway ticket office Give student B the information he/she wants Trains to Bristol Depart Arrive change at Reading 12.35 11.50 direct 12.50 Tickets Single £13.50 Day return £19.00 Period return £22.40	Information for student B You work in a railway ticket office Give student A the information he/she wants Trains to Manchester Depart Arrive change at Derby 13.30 12.05 change at Derby 14.30 Tickets Single £19.00 Day return £27.60 Period return £36.20

Exercise 18. The following sentences describe what you do when you go to an airport to catch a plane, but they are in the wrong order. Read them carefully and put them in the right order

_____You go to the departure lounge.

_____You get a trolley.

_____You arrive at the airport.

_____You go to your gate.

_____You go to the check-in desk.

_____You go to the duty-free shop.

_____You get a boarding card.

_____You board the plane.

_____You check in your luggage.

_____You look at the departure board to see if your flight is boarding yet.

_____The board tells you which gate to go to.

_____You go through passport control.

Exercise 19. Discuss the following questions in pairs and make a dialogue of your own

STUDENT A’s QUESTIONS

1. Do you like travelling? 2. What is travel for you? 3. What different kinds of travelling are there? 4. What’s the best place you’ve ever been to? 5. Would you like to go travelling for a few years non-stop? What are the good and bad things about travelling? Where do you want to travel to? 6. Is it better to travel or to arrive? 7. What was the most interesting place you have ever visited? 8. Did your class in high school go on a trip together? Where did you go? How long did you stay? How did you get there? 9. Where did you go on your last vacation? How did you go? Who did you go with?

STUDENT B’s QUESTIONS

1. Are you a traveller? 2. Is travel an education? 3. Would you like to travel in space or to the moon? 4. Would you like to work in the travel industry? 5. What are the pros and cons of travelling first class and backpacking? 6. What would make you wiser – travelling around the world for ten years or reading 10,000 books? 7. Did your class in high school go on a trip together? Where did you go? How long did you stay? How did you get there? 8. When was the last time you traveled? 9. Where did you spend your last vacation? Your summer vacation? Your Christmas vacation?

E xercise 20. Complete the spidergrams with as many words as you can on the topics “Travelling by Train” and “Travelling by Air”:

Exercise 21. Translate into English

1. Когда я путешествовал прошлым летом, я заказал билеты заранее. 2. Я приобрёл билеты через туристическое агентство. 3. Для меня нет ничего лучше, чем путешествие самолетом. Это удобно и намного быстрее, чем любой другой вид путешествия. 4. На борту самолета вы получаете отличное обслуживание. 5. Если вы путешествуете за границу, вам необходимо пройти таможенный досмотр. 6. Сколько стоит билет до Киева в скором поезде? 7. Мария заказала одно верхнее и одно нижнее место в жестком плацкартном вагоне на завтрашний поезд, который отходит в 7.00 утра. 8. У нас было очень много вещей: 9 мест. Мы взяли двух носильщиков и сдали несколько мест в багаж. 9. Где проводник? Я хочу попросить его исправить дверь нашего купе. 10. Мы едем по расписанию. В Ростов мы прибыли минута в минуту. 11. Я предъявил билет контролеру. 12. К сожалению, мы аннулировать предварительный заказ на билеты. 13. Прежде чем подняться на борт самолета, пассажиры регистрируют свой багаж.

Exercise 22. Speak about different means of travelling making use of the following questions

1. What means of travelling do you know? 2. What means of travelling to you prefer and why? 3. Why do many people prefer travelling by train? 4. When did you last travel by train? 5. When is it more difficult to reserve tickets – in summer or at winter time? 6. Do you prefer to change trains or use through trains when possible? 7. What do you do when you want to book a train ticket? 8. Do you prefer a lower or an upper berth? 9. Are there smoking and non-smoking carriages on our trains? 10. Who do you show your ticket to when entering the carriage? 11. What problems do passengers in Russia face when they start travelling by train? 12. What means of travelling is safer – by train or by air? 13. What are the names of international airports in Moscow, London, New Your? 14. What are the advantages of travelling by air? 15. How much luggage can one take free of charge when travelling by plane? 16. What services cam you get on board a modern plane? 17. What do passengers do to kill the time before the flight? 18. What happens is a plane hits an air-pocket? 19. What is the average speed of a modern passenger plane? 20. Who takes care of the passengers during the flight?

Listening

Exercise 23. Look at the noticeboards at the railway station and listen to the announcement. Correct the mistakes