2. Which statement corresponds to the text?

1. The Law on the Status of Judges sets forth the basic requirements for the position of a judge.

2. A judge is a Russian citizen of 35 years old who has experience of working in legal profession.

3. Any citizen of our country with the experience of 5 years can be a judge.

4. The Constitution of the RF sets forth the basic requirements for the position of a judge

c) Answer the questions:

1) Would you like to be a judge? 2) Which court would you like to work at?

3) What should you do to be a judge of that court?

EX.42. a) Scan the text and entitle it..

Commercial courts are independent. The new commercial courts started operation in April 1992.

The basic level of commercial courts comprises “commercial courts of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation”, that is commercial courts of the republics, regions, cities with federal status, and autonomous regions. There are 81 such courts. These courts handle cases as the first instance court.

Appeals against the decisions of the first instance court are handled* by appellate courts**. Now there are 20 appellate courts which review the legality and groundfulness of the decisions of the first instance court.

The third level courts are the Federal Territorial Commercial Courts. There are 10 such courts which handle cases as an instance of cassation*** in relation to the courts within the jurisdiction.

The highest level of commercial court is the Supreme Commercial Court of the Russian Federation. The Supreme Commercial Court comprises the Plenum, the Presidium, the Department of Civil Cases, and the Department of Administrative Cases.

The most important functions of the Plenum is to issue decisions addressed to lower courts. The Presidium reviews cases by way of supervision.

*to handle appeals рассматривать апелляции

**appellate court апелляционный суд

***an instance of cassation кассационная инстанция

3. Look at the diagram and describe the commercial courts. Use the words:

to consist of; to handle cases (appeals); court of first instance; appellate courts; to review; an instance of cassation; lower courts; by way of supervision

Commercial courts

the Supreme Commercial Court of the Russian Federation

(the Plenum, the Presidium, the Department of Civil Cases, and the Department of Administrative Cases)

Federal Territorial Commercial Courts (10 )

a ppellate commercial courts (20)

commercial courts of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation( 81)

EX. 43 Read the text, pay special attention to the underlined terms. Entitle the text. Make a diagram to describe this part of the RF court system.

The structure of the courts of general jurisdiction is provided by the Law on Court Organisation of 1996.

The basic level of the system of the courts of general jurisdiction is the district court. District courts handle cases as first instance courts. There are 2,440 district courts. In some areas, such as in Moscow, inter-district courts were formed. In relation to the justices of the peace, district courts are the courts of a higher instance.

The second level of courts are supreme courts of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation as well as regional courts, courts of cities with federal status, and courts of autonomous regions. Currently, there are 87 such courts. These courts handle cases as second instance courts for the judgments of district courts. In some cases, such as cases involving state secrets, these courts handle cases as a first instance court. They are also empowered to review cases in a supervisory procedure and cases reopened on newly found circumstances.

The Supreme Court of the Russian Federation is the highest court within the system of courts of general jurisdiction.

Ex. 44 Read the texts below and make their summaries. Use these phrases for your summary.

Useful phrases

I’ll give a review of the text. The title of the article is … The text is devoted to … At the beginning of the text … The text says (describes, underlines, stresses) that … The text goes on to say … It is interesting to note … At the end of the article … In conclusion the author writes …