1. Employment agencies as a source of candidates

There are two basic types of employment agency: firstly, those operated by the government, and secondly, privately owned agencies. Within the first category there are Job Centres, and Professional and Executive Recruitment. Here applicants can be selected from nationwide sources with convenient, local availability of computer-based data. As the organisations are state-operated, they are socially responsible and secure, and can produce applicants very quickly. These public agencies are a major source of hourly-paid, blue-collar workers. Commercial employment agencies are active in filling vacancies within certain sectors or for certain jobs, e.g. secretaries in London. For the employer, one of the attractions is the ease of using the service. Another is that the agency can be used to fill temporary posts at short notice. However, one drawback is that these agencies may produce staff that is likely to stay only for a short time.

2. Recruitment advertising

Internal advertising

While recruiting often brings to mind employment agencies and classified ads, current employees are often the largest source of recruits. Filling vacant positions with inside candidates has several benefits. Employees see that competence is rewarded, and morale and performance may thus be enhanced. It may also be safer to promote employees from within since the organisation is more likely to have a more accurate assessment of the person’s skills than it would otherwise. Inside candidates also require a shorter induction period than outsiders. Finally, speed and cost are also significant advantages.

Yet promotion from within can also misfire. Employees who apply for jobs and don’t get them may become discontented; informing unsuccessful candidates as to why they were rejected and what remedial action they might take to be more successful in the future is thus essential. A second disadvantage is that internal recruitment places a limit on the number of candidates and may not give a true picture of the wider competition from outside.

3. External advertising

External advertising is another good source for attracting candidates, but, for job ads to bring results, there are two issues to address: the media to be used, and the construction of the ad. The selection of the best medium – be it the local paper, a nation daily or a technical journal – depends on the types of positions to be filled. The local newspaper is usually the best source of blue-collar jobs, clerical employees, and lower-level administrative employees. The advantage of this medium is that the job ads are more likely to be read by those seeking local employment, and therefore the ad should land in the right hands. The drawback of using the local press is that it tends not to be read by professional and technical people seeking vacancies.

For specialized employees, advertisements can be placed in trade and professional journals. These reach a specific population with a minimum waste and a minimum standard of application can be guaranteed. However, one drawback to advertising in this type of trade paper is the relatively infrequent publication which may require advertising copy six weeks before appearance of ad. National press offers another way of targeting middle and senior management personnel. One significant advantage of using national papers is that they reach large numbers of readers. In addition, research has shown that some national newspapers are the accepted medium for search by those seeking particular posts.

Exercise 3. Give English equivalents to the following words.

кадрове агентство	кадровое агентство
Центр з працевлаштування	центр по трудоустройству
людина, що шукає роботу	человек, который ищет работу
вакансія	вакансия
внутрішня реклама	внутренняя реклама
оголошення за темами	объявления по темам
результати роботи	результаты работи
точну оцінку	точная оценка
ознайомчий період	продвижение ознакомительный период
просування

Exercise 4. Complete the following with one of these words plus don't or do not.

miss obstruct use enter delay

forget(x2) worry mention expect

1 ……………………. the meeting tomorrow. It starts at 8.30.

2 ……………………...- write today and receive a free gift if your reply is received by June 30.

3 ……………………… to include a stamped addressed envelope with your reply.

4 ……………………..the delay unless they actually ask about it.

5 …………………….. these gates. Access needed at all times.

6 ……………………...to get an order today - they always send their orders two or three days later by fax.

7 ………………………. the chance of a free holiday - act today !

8 ………………………. without protective clothing.

9 ………………………… in the event of fire.

10 ………………………., it's only ten to. We'll be there with time to spare.

Exercise 5. Match the verbs used with their meanings. Make sure you know the equivalent in your own language.

1. to get (a message) across a. to avoid

2. to get at b. to meet each other

3. to get back to (someone) c. to recover from

4. to get by d. to telephone later

5. to get down to (business) e. to communicate

6. to get on with someone f. to co-exist / co-operate successfully

7. to get over g. to get a telephone connection

8. to get round (regulations etc) h. to begin serious work / discussion

9. to get through i. to mean (see Note below)

10. to get together j. to survive

Exercise 6. Complete the following sentences using the phrasal verb to get and the following words:

across through on with by back to

down to together round over at

1. She is very easy to get ……………………. . She is open, friendly and easy-going.

2. It is extremely important that we get this message ……………………. clearly. There must be no misunderstandings whatsoever.

3. It will probably take a very long time for the company to get ……………………. its current difficulties. The recovery might not take place until next year.

4. Right, ladies and gentlemen. It's time to start. Let's get ……………………. business.

5. I tried calling our office in Geneva several times, but I couldn't get ……………………. .

6. I'm very sorry. I don't have that information to hand at the moment. I'll get ……………………. you later, if I may.

7. Sometimes it is very difficult to get ……………………. customs regulations in certain countries.

8. Right, we will need to get ……………………. again next week to discuss the contract in more detail.

9. I'm sorry, I don't understand. What exactly are you getting …………………….?

10. In these recessionary times, many small businesses are finding it very difficult to get …………… .

Exercise 7. Answer the questions to the text in writing.

1. For what types of workers are employment agencies a good source?

2. What drawback of using commercial employment agencies is mentioned in the text?

3. What are the advantages and disadvantages of internal recruitment?

Варіант 4

Exercise 1. Read the following words and word combinations. Memorize them.

employee	співробітник	сотрудник
job interview	співбесіда	собеседование
screening interview	скринінгове інтерв'ю	скрининговое собеседование
resume	резюме	резюме
selection interview	відбіркова співбесіда	отборочное собеседование
company's bottom line	результати роботи компанії	результаты работы компании
group interview	групова співбесіда	групповое интервью
panel interview	співбесіда, що проводиться декількома людьми одночасно	собеседование, которое проводиться несколькими людьми одновременно
to establish rapport	встановити взаєморозуміння	устанавливать взаимопонимание
stress interview	стрес-співбесіда	стресс-интервью
to weed out candidates	відсіяти кандидатів	отсеивать кандидатов
recruitment	вербування	вербовка

Exercise 2. Read and translate the text (paragraphs 1, 2 and 3 translate in writing).