Unit 7 history of the origins and development of cooperative movement

Active vocabulary

collective property - коллективная собственность

advance – продвижение, наступление

production relations – производственные отношения

to set up - создавать

to defend - защищать

exchange economy – меновое хозяйство, меновая экономика

to depend on – зависеть от

wage - зарплата

local trader – местный торговец

foods tuffs- продукты питания

commodity money relations – товарно-денежные отношения

to meet one s needs – удовлетворять (чьи-либо потребности)

consumer cooperative – потребительский кооператив

material well being – материальное положение

retail outlet – магазин розничной торговли

equality - равенство

Text a cooperative principles

On December 21, 1844 28 weavers from Rochdale in order to improve their material well-being founded a consumer cooperative and named it «The Society of Equitable Pioneers». They opened a small retail outlet in which they sold flour, sugar, butter, and oatmeal. At the basis of social and business activities of their society Rochdale pioneers put the following basic principles, which later became known as: Principles of Rochdale Pioneers.

The cooperative principles are guidelines by which cooperatives put their values into practice.

1. Voluntary and Open Membership. Cooperatives are voluntary organizations, open to all persons able to provide services and willing to accept the responsibilities of membership, without gender, social, racial, political or religious discrimination.

2. Democratic Member Control. Cooperatives are democratic organizations controlled by their members, who actively participate in setting their policies and making decisions. Men and women serving as elected representatives are accountable to the membership. In primary cooperatives members have equal voting rights (one member — one vote) and cooperatives at other levels are also organized in a democratic manner.

3. Member Economic Participation. Members contribute equitably to, and democratically control cooperative activities. Members usually receive limited compensation, if any, on capital subscribed as a condition of membership. Members allocate surpluses for any or all of the following purposes:

• developing their cooperative;

• benefiting members in proportion to their transactions with the cooperative;

• supporting other activities approved by the membership.

4. Autonomy and Independence. Cooperatives are autonomous, self-help organizations controlled by their members. If they enter into agreements with other organizations, including governments, or raise capital from external sources, they do so on terms that ensure democratic control by their members and maintain their cooperative autonomy.

5. Education, Training and Information. Cooperatives provide education and training for their members, elected representatives, managers, and employees so they can contribute effectively to the development of their cooperatives. They inform the general public — particularly young people and opinion leaders — about the nature and benefits of cooperation.

6. Cooperation among Cooperatives. Cooperatives serve their members most effectively and strengthen the cooperative movement by working together through local, national, regional and international structures.

7. Concern for Community. Paying special attention to the interests of their members cooperatives also care for the development of their enterprise and social infrastructure of the community.

Exercise 1. Read and translate the following sentences paying attention to the infinitive:

1. It was the cooperative movement to attract poor people^’s sympathy.

2. Cooperation did everything to heel its shareholders

3. To make a good plan of work we must think it over in all details

4. It was impossible for cooperation not to receive its development during the period of industrial revolution

5. the working people set up cooperatives to defend themselves

6. Consumer cooperation was first to come to towns

7. To meet the needs of poor people credit cooperatives started to set up everywhere

8. the first thing to be done is to get money

9. The objective is to adopt the laws regulating the activity of cooperatives

10. They have made a decision to set up agricultural cooperative

11. Our task is to understand the essence of cooperation

12. the fist country to step on the cooperative way was England

13. His intention was to spray the ides of cooperation

14. These people founded a consumer cooperative to improve their well-being

15. Cooperative principles were founded to provide a stable position for cooperative society

Exercise 2. Agree or disagree

MODEL:

-Cooperation doesn^’t pay special attention to the interests of its members

- I disagree. Cooperation pays special attention to the interests of its members

1. Cooperatives appeared at the beginning of the 20^th century

2. The working people set up cooperatives to defend themselves from the exploitation by private capital

3. The idea of cooperation never received its development.

4. The consumer cooperation was first to come to the countryside and later to towns.

5. Peasants and artisans started to found medical cooperatives.

6. An important role in the emergence and development of cooperation under capitalism belongs to cooperative ideologists.

7. France is the country where cooperation was born.

8. The first consumer cooperative was named «The Society of Equitable Pioneers».

9. The basic principles of cooperation were put in Russia.

10. Equality of member-shareholders when making decisions at the meetings means: «one member – one vote».

11. Cooperative principles didn’t provide a stable position for the cooperative society under the conditions of capitalist relations.

Exercise 3. A two way translation

На чем основаны кооперативы?	Cooperatives as social and business organizations are based on collective property
Для удовлетворения своих потребностей в более дешевых и качественных продуктах питания	Why did the working people begin to set up consumer cooperatives?
У кого трудящиеся люди должны были вынуждены покупать продукты питания?	The working people in towns had to buy foodstuffs from local traders
Какие права при голосовании имеют члены кооператива?	Cooperatives, members have equal voting rights
Он означает один из кооперативных принципов «Добровольное и открытое общество»	What does the term «Voluntary and membership» mean?
Обеспечивают ли кооперативы образование и повышение квалификации своих членов?	Cooperatives provide education and training for their members
Они укрепляют кооперативное движение посредством работы с другими структурами	What means do cooperatives use to strengthen the cooperative movement?