Unit 6. Common features of different types of cooperatives

Active Vocabulary

Cooperation – кооперация

Cooperative - кооператив

association of cooperatives – объединение кооперативов

cooperative system – кооперативная система

joint business – совместное введение дел

joint labour – объединенный, совместный труд

enterprise - предприятие

means for – средство для

to carry out - осуществлять

peculiarity - особенность

to lie at the basis – лежать в основе

essence – суть, сущность

to adopt - принять

voluntarily - добровольно

withdrawal – удаление, уход

goal - цель

surplus - доход

physical and legal entities – физические и юридические лица

to trust - доверять

market object – субъект рынка

to enjoy the rights – пользоваться правами

self-governing - самоуправление

Auditing Committee – ревизионная комиссия

vote - голос

fee - взнос

deposit - вклад

liability - ответственность

TEXT

«Cooperation» translated from Latin (cooperatio) means «joint business, collaboration».

The basic distinctive characteristics of cooperatives are their following common features:

1. The goal of a cooperative is satisfaction of economic, social and cultural needs of its members. The above-mentioned needs are satisfied from the surpluses created by the economic activity of a cooperative.

2. Voluntary membership. Joining and withdrawal from a cooperative is exercised on a voluntary basis.

3. Association in a cooperative of both physical entities (individual membership) and legal entities (collective membership). There can also be a mixed type of association when a cooperative unites both physical and legal entities.

4. Territorial association. Cooperative is «a local enterprise» in which people know each other, trust, and help each other.

5. Cooperative is a legal entity. A cooperative is founded and functions as a legal entity.

6. Autonomy and independence of a cooperative. A cooperative is an independent organization. It is not dependent on the government, private companies, and other market subjects.

7. Cooperative is a jointly owned enterprise. The property of a cooperative is formed and enlarged with the participation of the members of the cooperative. Members of a cooperative enjoy the following rights of ownership: they can possess, use and dispose of the objects of the cooperative property.

Democratic governing. In a cooperative they form the organs of self-governing. A cooperative is governed by all members of the cooperative (general meetings of a cooperative) or by their representatives who are elected by the members to Councils, Boards, and Auditing Committees. The decision making in the organs of self-governing is exercised according to the principle: one member — one vote.

9. Member economic participation in the activities of a cooperative. Member economic participation means fees, deposits, buying goods and services from the cooperative or other forms.

10. Right to receive compensation. Every member of a cooperative has the right to receive dividends from economic activity of his/her organization. Members receive compensation in proportion to their transactions with the cooperative.

11. Economic responsibility. Members of a cooperative are economically responsible for the liabilities of their organization in accordance with the Statute of a cooperative.

12. A cooperative is an organization with its own identity. A cooperative is set up and functions on the basis of cooperative values and principles.

Exercise 1. Answer the questions

1. Do cooperatives and their associations refer to the market economy?

2. Who founds cooperatives?

3. What are the common features of different types of cooperatives?

4. What type of business is closer to cooperation: sole proprietorship, partnership or corporation?

5. Why do you think so?

Exercise2. Find English equivalents in the text:

1. понятие «кооперация» стало распространенным

2. решают общие проблемы на национальном и международном уровнях

3. осуществляют свою деятельность на основе кооперации

4. материальное благополучие

5. сущность кооператива не меняется

6. цель кооператива

7. осуществляется на добровольной основе

8. кооператив – это «местное предприятие»

9. он не зависит от правительства, частных компаний и других субъектов рынка

10. члены кооператива пользуются следующими правами собственности

11. кооператив управляется всеми членами кооператива или их представителями

12. экономическое участие членов кооператива

13. члены кооператива несут материальную ответственность

Exercise 3. Translate into Russian. Define the function of the word «one»

1. If one understands cooperative values it’s easy to become a member of cooperative.

2. The history of cooperation is long one.

3. One can’t live without food.

4. One needs to read special literature to get information about cooperative.

5. Each cooperative organization relies on one’s own resources.

6. One must know basic cooperative principles.

7. This structure is smaller than that one.

8. Poverty set up, credit cooperatives to satisfy one’s own needs.

9. Cooperative shops worked better than the old ones.

10. One of the principles of cooperation is autonomy and Independence.

Exercise 4. A two way translation

Каков социальный состав членов кооперативов?	The social membership of cooperatives is formed of workers, peasants, higher and secondary schools, students.
What economic sectors in cooperation do you know?	Это – производство, торговля, сельскохозяйственная, строительная. Транспортная кооперация.
Какова территория деятельности кооперативных организаций?	Territory of the activity of cooperative organizations – urban, rural, krai, district, oblast, republic and national cooperation
What factor has led to the increase of problems in cooperation?	Рост конкуренции привел к увеличению проблем в кооперации.
Является кооперативное движение массовым социально-экономическим движением?	Yes, cooperative movement is a main social and economic movement.
Do housing cooperatives require serious perfection?	Да, жилищные кооперативы требуют серьезной доработки
Пользуются ли люди в настоящее время в ой или иной степени услугами кооперативов?	Yes, at present nearly in all countries of the world people use to this or that extent the service of cooperatives.