Unit 10. Computers

Active Vocabulary

to manufacture-производить

to lease a computer-сдавать компьютер в аренду

to supply a product-поставлять товар

to enter data into a computer-вводить данные в компьютер

to determine mathematical operations-установливать математические операции

to process data-обрабатывать данные

to involve-вовлекать

to make a decision-принимать решение

a function-функция, производная

to prepare a payroll-подготовить платежную ведомость

inventory control-проверка инвентаря (инвентаризация)

warehouse- товарный склад

a public utility-коммунальные услуги

TEXT

The computer industry is one of the largest in western countries and especially in the USA. It includes companies that manufacture, sell and lease computers, as well as companies that supply products and services for people working with computers. A computer cannot think. A human operator puts data into the computer and gives instructions. The operator writes instructions which determine the mathematical operations of information. A computer solves mathematical problems very rapidly. Traditionally, the computer in business is used to process data.

This involves different administrative functions such as preparation of payrolls, inventory control in manufacturing, warehousing and distribution operations, billing by banks, insurance companies, public utilities and etc. Now the computer takes new kinds of job. It has become more involved in business operations as an essential tool in making decisions at the highest administrative level.

Exercise 1. Questions on the text

1. What does the computer industry include? •

2. In what way do computers operate?

3. How are computers traditionally used in business?

4. Where can you use computers?

Exercise 2. Read the dialogue

Sally: Good afternoon, Berg.

Berg: Good afternoon, Sally.

Sally: Have you been on your business trip?

Berg: Yes. It was great. It was worth looking over the operations of the store. It was well organized. We should consider adopting some of the methods.

Sally: Really?

Berg: Absolutely. Their computer system is remarkable.

Sally: Can you tell me more about it?

Berg: Sure. First, they have replaced their cash registers with computer terminals.

Sally: What for?

Berg: They record on their system the department number, classification of items, amount of sales and names of the sales space clerk for each sale.

Sally: Great.

Berg: Yes, computers have a great future.

Exercise 3. Choose the necessary word and put it in the sentence

1. The ... are complicated. I can't use them.

2. This ... is very expensive. The company can't buy it.

3. The ... is complicated. I can't explain it.

4. The ... of your computer is very difficult. I can't learn it.

(data, programme, software, computers).

Exercise 4. Give Russian equivalents to the following words:

billing by banks

magazines

as an essential tool

remarkable

to be involved in

insurance companies

Exercise 5. Find the word

Across:

2) at the highest administrative ____________

5) operations of ___________

7) companies that __________ products

9) takes new kinds of ___________

10) is used to _________ data

Down:

1. mass _____________ magazines

3) inventory _____________ in manufacturing

4) The computer ____________

6) A human ______________

8) sell and ____________ computers

								1
				2
										3
	4
5
			6
	7				8				9
		10

Exercise 6. Give the advice using «should» and words in brackets

E.g. Her diction is not very good, (to read aloud) She should read aloud.

1. The boy is a little pale, (to play out-of-doors)

2. I am afraid you will miss that train, (to take a taxi)

3. There is no one in. (to try the room next door)

4. I have a slight irritation in my throat, (to smoke less)

5. As child doesn't want to eat soup, (not to give her sweets before dinner)

6. She makes a lot of spelling mistakes, (to copy passages out of a book)

7. The dog is afraid of him. (not to shout at the dog)

8. The students are unable to follow what I am saying, (not to speak so fast)

Exercise 7. Translate into English:

1. Если бы я знал французский, я бы уже давнo поговорил с ней.

2. Если бы я знал немецкий язык, я бы читал Шекспира в оригинале.

3. Если бы я жил близко, я бы чаще заходил к вам.

4. Если бы вы не прервали нас вчера, мы бы закончили работу в срок.

5. Если бы он не следовал советам врача, он бы не поправился так быстро.

6. Если бы он не был талантливым художником, его картину не приняли бы на выставку.

7. Если бы вы тогда послушались моего совета, вы бы не были сейчас в таком затруднительном положении.

8. Если бы я не был так занят в эти дни, я бы помог тебе вчера.

9. Если бы он не был так близорук, он бы узнал меня вчера в театре.

10. Она здорова. Если бы она была больна, ее брат сказал бы мне об этом вчера.

11. Вы бы много знали, если бы регулярно читали этот журнал.

12. Если бы я узнала об этом раньше, то не сидела бы сейчас дома.

13. Если бы мои родители были богаты, они бы уже давно купили мне машину.

Exercise 8. Open the brackets:

1. I wish I (to know) Spanish.

2. I wish I (not to drink) so much coffee in the evening: I could not Bleep half the night.

3. I wish you (to read) more in future.

4. I wish I never (to suggest) this idea.

5. I wish I (to be) at yesterday's party: it must have been very merry.

6. I wish we (to meet) again next summer.

7. Don't you wish you (to see) that performance before?

8. They wished they (not to see) this horrible scene again.

9. The unfortunate pupil wished he (not to forget) to learn the rule.

10. I wish I (to have) a season ticket to the Philharmonic next winter.

11. I wish I (to consult) the teacher when I first felt that mathematics was too difficult for me.

12. I love sunny weather. I wish it (to be) warm and fine all the year round.

13. I wish I (not to lend) Nick my watch: he has broken it.

14. I wish you (to send) word as soon as you arrive.

15. I wish I (not to have) to do my homework every day.

16. I wish you (to go) skiing with me yesterday: I had such a good time!

Exercise 9. Complete the sentences with «which», «that», «what»

1) I don’t know the answer, … is very sad!

2) I am not sure if … is what he really meant.

3) … Dan does for his company is incredible.

4) … Dan does nothing for the company is evident.

5) The bank refused the loan again, at … point he gave up.

6) The twins look so much alike: … of them is Tim?

7) … he refused amazed me immesely.

8) Do you know … it is … you are refusing?

9) The government might back off from the initial promises, in … case future looks unclear.

10) Did you understand … he meant?

Exercise 10. Translate these sentences paying attention to the pronoun («that/ those»)

1. Passenger numbers have been only a third of those originally forecast.

2. The production figures are different from those of the previous year.

3. The output has increased 2% as compared with that last year.

4. The weather conditions are much worse than those the same time last year.

5. The sales of securities have overpassed those last month.

Exercise 11. Use the right form of the pronouns «this» or «that».

1. ... gloves are of the best quality.

2. I'll sign all the papers ... morning.

3. — We can meet at 10.30. — ... will be fine.

4. ... was a really terrible air crash last week.

5. Think of all ... people who need our help.

6. ... particular students are extremely bright.

7. ... is something one has to consider.

8.1 don't think very much ... days.

9. "... way, sir."

10.1 am sorry to barge on you like ... .

11. ... whole business worries me.

12. The prices ... days are absolutely astronomical.

13. ... was a wrong thing to do.

14. Any chance of you getting away ... summer?

15. ... was ages ago!

16. — It's a difficult area to get jobs in! — Yes, ... 's true.

17. ... dress we saw in the shop-window was from Paris.

18. They discussed ... events at the briefing.

19. — Who was calling? — ... was Freddie.

20. People were helpless against nature in ... ages.

21. These pictures remind me of you, especially ... one.

Exercise 12. Complete the sentences:

1. I’ll ask him to lend me the money (если я вижу его).

2. You’ll be late (если не поедете на автобусе).

3. Will you help me (если мне нужна будет ваша помощь)?

4. I’d lend you the money (если бы у меня были деньги).

5. If I had her address (я бы дал вам его).

6. If they had gone by car, (они бы сэкономили время).

7. If my mother won a million pounds, (она бы потратила их очень быстро).

8. If I had more time, (я бы прочитал больше книг).

9. (если я буду чувствовать себя хорошо), I’ll be in class tomorrow.

10. He would have come to the party last Sunday (если бы его пригласили).

Exercise 13. Translate into English

1. Если бы он не был так близорук (short-sighted), он бы узнал меня вчера в театре.

2. Она здорова. Если бы она была больна, ее брат сказал бы мне об этом вчера.

3. Вы бы много знали, если бы регулярно читали этот журнал.

4. Если бы я узнала об этом раньше, то не сидела бы сейчас дома.

5. Если бы мои родители были богаты, они бы уже давно купили мне машину.

6. Она очень талантлива. Хорошо бы родители купили ей пианино. Если она начнет играть сейчас, она будет выдающимся (distinguished) музыкантом.

7. Если бы я знал французский, я бы уже давно поговорил с ней.

8. Если бы я знал немецкий язык, я бы читал Гете в оригинале (in the original).

9. Если бы я жил близко, я бы чаще (more often) заходил к вам.

10. Если бы вы не прервали (to interrupt) нас вчера, мы бы закончили работу в срок.

Exercise 14. Make the right choice

1. Your jeans are dirty. You ___ wash them.

►should

►will

►should to

2. We arrived late in the evening. You ___ us at the airport.

►will meet

►should meet

►could have met

3. I … like to know more about stock exchanges

►Should

►would

►want

4. This agreement is not profitable. We … not sign it

►would

►have to

►should

5. It is necessary that they … pay the bills

►would

►have to

►should

6. They bought it, but we___.

►don't

►doesn't

►didn't

7. My sister works in a bank, but I___.

►don't

►doesn't

►didn't

8. He said he would do it and he___.

►don't

►doesn't

►didn't

9. This car doesn't go as fast as my old one___.

►don't

►doesn't

►didn't

10. I don't know her very well, but my friends___.

►don't

►doesn't

►didn't

11. I went, but he___.

►don't

►doesn't

►didn't

12. He wants to, but they___.

►don't

►doesn't

►didn't

13. Mr. Jones eats meat, but his wife___.

►don't

►doesn't

►didn't

14. John and Mary went to the movies last night, but I___.

►don't

►doesn't

►didn't

15. He said he would ring, but I___think he will.

►don't

►doesn't

►didn't

16. My wife needs glasses now, but her mother still___.

►don't

►doesn't

►didn't

17. _____ my friends over there.

►this are

►these is

►those are

►that are

18. _____ oxen _____ not dangerous.

►This ... is

►These ... are

►That ... is

19. _____ pair of jeans _____ from the USA.

►These ... are

►This ... is

►Those ... are

20. What _____ in the bag? – Just books.

►is that

►are these

►are those

21. _____ hard to find a good friend.

►this is

►that is

►it is

22. _____ geese like hissing.

►this

►these

►that

23. The climate here is like _____ of Spain.

►that

►this

►those

24. _____ was them who broke the window.

►this

►that

►it

25. To be or not to be _____ is the question.

►that

►this

26. I didn’t know that your new car is _____ expensive.

►this

►these

►that

►those

27. _____ is cold and I am tired.

►this

►that

►it

28. _____ time you made a wrong decision.

►That

►This

►It

29. If he hadn’t asked for the directions, we ___ lost.

►might has got

►might have got

►may got

29. We’ll miss you a lot in case you ___ to another house.

►will move

►would move

►move

29. I wish I ___ in the countryside. (but I don’t)

►lived

►live

►would live

29. I won’t believe you unless you ___ clear evidence.

►give

►will give

►had given

29. We would have been injured in the crash if we ___ seatbelts.

►hasn’t been wearing

►hadn’t been wearing

►wore

29. If you hadn’t left your camera at home, we ___ lots of pictures.

►could took

►took

►could have taken

29. If John ___ the local race, he will take part in the national championship.

►won

►wins

►would win

29. I wish I ___ in the test. (but I did)

►hadn’t cheated

►didn’t cheat

►wouldn’t cheat

29. I ___ in case I am not right.

►has apologized

►would apologize

►will apologize

29. If Mike joined the studio, he ___ a great dancer.

►had become

►would become

►will become

29. If I were you, I ___ about the incident.

►wouldn’t have worry

►hadn’t have worried

►wouldn’t worry

29. If Jack hadn’t passed all the exams, he ___ the university.

►wouldn’t have finished

►didn’t finish

►hadn’t finished