Unit 8 varios types of cooperatives in the modern world and their classification

Active vocabulary

to be characterized by – характеризоваться

to possess – обладать, иметь

to be subdivide – подразделять

an artisan - кустарь

a handicraftsman - ремесленник

urban – городской

rural - сельский

a procurement - снабжение

an employee - работник

to distinguish - различать

raw material - сырье

commodity goods – товарная продукция

consumer goods – потребительские товары

retail trade – розничная продажа

wholesale trade – оптовая продажа

public catering – общественное питание

supply cooperative – снабженческий кооператив

to gain momentum – получать развитие

insurance association – страховая ассоциация

an irrigation - орошение

funeral cooperative – кооперативы ритуальных услуг

managerial – управленческий

to gain a considerable development – получить значительное развитие

commodity money circulation – товарно-денежное обращение

Steady – устойчивый

TEXT

Cooperative movement is characterized by various types of cooperatives many of which possess a lot of common features according to which they can be classified.

Classification of cooperatives is their grouping according to certain features.

All cooperatives can be subdivided according to the following features:

1. according to social and professional membership: worker and farmer cooperatives, cooperatives of artisans and handicraftsmen, fishing cooperatives, employee and student cooperatives, mixed cooperatives and cooperatives of small traders;

2. according to the region of their activities: urban, rural, district and interdistrict cooperatives;

3. according to the type of their main business activity: production, processing, consumer, sales and procurement, construction, credit, service, and multipurpose cooperatives.

In the last group of cooperatives, in its turn, each type of cooperatives can be also subdivided into a number of different types. For example, among production cooperatives, which belong to the employees of these enterprises, we can distinguish cooperatives producing different consumer goods, fishing cooperatives, cooperatives of artisans, and other.

Agricultural processing cooperatives are distinguished according to the type of raw material they process: milk, coffee, rice, and other. These cooperatives buy, process, and sell commodity goods produced by agricultural producers.

Consumer cooperatives sell consumer goods. They distinguish consumer cooperatives, which are engaged in retail trade, wholesale trade, and public catering. At present consumer cooperatives acquire more and more features of multipurpose cooperatives.

Sales cooperatives are distinguished according to the type of commodity goods they sell. These cooperatives are the most numerous ones in the agrarian sector of economy. Supply cooperatives buy means of production and trade and supply them to their members — producers of goods and private traders. Supply and sales cooperatives are gaining more and more momentum.

Construction cooperatives are engaged in the construction of houses, industrial buildings, and roads.

Credit cooperatives provide production and consumer credit. They distinguish credit cooperatives of goods producers and credit cooperatives of citizens (credit unions). Credit cooperatives can provide their members both financial and non financial services.

Service cooperatives provide services to the population and enterprises. Among them we can name such as cooperative insurance associations, irrigation cooperatives, medical and pharmaceutical, veterinary, project, funeral cooperatives, cooperatives, which provide managerial services. At present service cooperatives have gained a considerable development, especially those cooperatives, which provide social services to the population.

Multifunctional cooperatives are also known as mixed, multipurpose or general purpose cooperatives. They are distinguished according to the sphere of their activity. The most widespread among them are the following:

1. multipurpose cooperatives in the sphere of commodity-money circulation. Each cooperative combines several functions: trade, sales, public catering, car repair and other;

2. multipurpose cooperatives in agriculture are engaged in sales, processing, supplies, transport, storing, trade, insurance services, repair of machinery and soon.

The growing number of multipurpose cooperatives is a steady trend in the cooperative movement.

Exercise 1. Find English equivalents in the text

Cмешанные кооперативы; мелкие торговцы; многофункциональные кооперативы; производственные кооперативы; сельскохозяйственные производители; потребительские кооперативы; вовлеченные в розничную торговлю; все больше и больше приобретают черты; аграрный сектор экономики; средства производства; снабжают ими членов кооператива; занимаются строительством дорог; финансовые и нефинансовые услуги; кооперативы по оказанию управленческих услуг; обеспечивают социальные услуги населению; сфера их деятельности; совмещают несколько функций; хранение; ремонт техники; растущее число.

Exercise2 . Use proper prepositions: into/for/of/by/to/under

to be subdivide…

to be characterized…

a lot …

according…

belongs…

cooperatives …artisans

to buy means…production

cooperatives are engaged …

provides services… the population

steady trend … cooperative movement

preferences … cooperatives

conditions … the development

… the conditions … economic reforms