Syntactical functions of the participle синтаксические функции причастий

Причастие I может употребляться в предложении в функции именной части сказуемого, определения, обстоятельства, вводного члена и части предикативных оборотов.

Причастие II может быть определением, частью сказуемого, обстоятельством и частью предикативных оборотов.

The participle as predicative причастие в функции именной части сказуемого

Функция	Форма	Место в	Примеры	Перевод
	причастия	предложении
Pridicative	Participle I	После	This film is	Этот фильм
Именная	non-perfect	связочных	interesting.	интересный.
часть	active	глаголов	I'm interested in	Я заинтересо-
составного	Participle II	be, seem, look.	getting the job.	ван в том, чтобы
сказуемого		become, sound,		получить эту
		remain, grow,		работу.
		turn, etc.	I'm naturally	Естественно, я
			very	очень
			disappointed.	разочарован.
			Is your brother	Твой брат очень
			very alarmed?	встревожен?

Форма на - ed описывает чувства, которые человек испытывает. Форма на - ing дает характеристику лицу или предмету, которые заставляют нас испытывать эти чувства.

Someone is - ed if something (or someone) is - ing. If something is - ing, it makes you - ed.

Jane is bored because her job is boring.

Jane's job is boring, so Jane is bored.

Джейн скучно, потому что ее работа скучная.

Работа Джейн скучная, поэтому Джейн скучно.

Exercise 1. Read the following sentences. Point out the Participle in the function of a predicative. Translate the sentences into Russian.

1. I was disappointed with the film. 2. The news was alrming. 3. You look exhausted. 4. The effect of her words was terrifying. 5. The roar of the engines was deafening. 6. The tourists were tired after a long trip. 7. She looked surprised. 8. She sounded excited. 9. After the death of her husband she was broken. 10. The story is amusing. 11. The doctor looked worried. 12. George always talks about the same things. He's really boring. 13. I'm not satisfied with my job. 14. Julia thinks politics is very interesting. She is really interesrted in politics.

Exercise 4. Express your agreement with the following statements.

Model: -1 was bored at the party last night.

- No wonder you were bored. It was a boring party.

1. Peter was very surprised to hear the news. 2. We were refreshed by the drink. 3. The parent were amused by the child's tricks. 4. Helen was interested in the proposal. 5. I felt very excited after my trip to London. 6. The woman was frightened at the sight of the tigar. 7. The hotel guest was fascinated by the view from the window of his room. 8. The girl was enbarrassed by the remark. 9. Diana teaches young children. It's a hard job and sometimes she feels exhausted. 10. It has been raining all day. I hate such weather because I feel depressed. 11. Tom is very much interested in astronomy. He likes this subject very much. 12. I was very annoyed by Tom's behaviour. 13. Mary was excited about her new job. 14. I was really charmed by our new secretary.

Exercise 5. Choose the correct word.

1. The football match was quite exciting/excited. I enjoyed it. 2. It^,s sometimes embarrassing/embarrassed when you have to ask people for money. 3. I'm fascinating/fascinated by Stephen King's novels. 4. I didn't like Batman at all. I was surprising/surprised that it was so successful. The film was disappointing/disappointed. I expected it to be much better. I have never expected to get the job. I was really amazing/amazed when I was offered it. 7. She has really learnt very fast. She has made astonishing/ astonished progress. 8. It was a really terrifying/terrified experience. Afterwards everybody was very shocking/shocked. 9. Why do you always look so boring/bored? Is your life really so boring/bored? 10. I've always been interesting/interested in wild life, especially birds. 11. You look confusing/confused. Haven't you understood what I'm talking about? 12. My exam results were rather disappointing/disappointed. I've got to retake the exam in September. 13. I've just seen a wonderful film about life in space. The special effects were amazing/amazed. 14. 1 enjoyed reading the article, it was very stimulating/stimulated. 15. The performance was so boring/bored that I could hardly stay till the end of it. 16. Why do you look so worrirying/worried? - I've had a number of worrying/worried telephone calls lately. 17. It was an exciting/excited accident. No wonder she spoke about it in an exciting/excited voice. 18. I didn't find the situation funny. I was not amusing/amused. 19. The kitchen hadn't been cleaned for ages. It was really disgusting/disgusted. 20. I think learning a language is very interesting/interested.

Exercise 6. Choose the correct adjective for each of the following sentences.

1. Melanie likes the family in the apartment above her, but sometimes she feels that their teenage boy is annoying/annoyed, especially when he plays his stereo too loudly.

2. However, she usually finds their presence upstairs very comforting/comforted.

3. Once she heard a frightening/frightened noise outside. She thought it was a prowler, so she called up her neighbours.

4. They invited her to their apartment for a relaxing/relaxed cup of tea and a soothing/soothed conversation.

5. This helped her to calm down, until she was no longer frightening/frightened.

6. Melanie especially likes Jane, the mother. Jane tells Melanie amusing/amused stories about her and her family members' daily life.

7. Jane's husband Bob is a shoe salesperson. Even though this may sound like a boring/bored job, it's not.

8. Lots of surprising/surprised things happen to shoe salespeople. Just last week, for example, a real prince came into the store with his bodyguards and bought 20 pairs of Italian leather shoes.

9. The prince thought Bob was such a polite and amusing/amused young man that he gave him a 50 dollar tip.

10. Of course, Bob thought that this was very exciting/excited, and he took Jane and the family out to dinner that night.

11. Jane works part-time in a pet store as a dog groomer. She says that some of the customers never give their dogs baths. These dogs are sometimes so dirty and uncomfortable that it is shocking/shocked.

12. Jane's stories are so entertaining/entertained that Melanie usually doesn't mind the noise that Jane's teenage son makes.

13. In fact, Malanie was very disappointing/disappointed when she heard that Jane and her family might move.

THE PARTICIPLE AS ATTRIBUTE ПРИЧАСТИЕ В ФУНКЦИИ ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ

Функция	Форма	Место в	Примеры	Перевод
	причастия	предложении
Attribute	Participle I	1. Перед	1. Look at the	1. Взгляните
	non-perfect	определяемым	sleeping child.	на спящего
Определе-		словом (без		ребенка.
ние	Participle II	пояснительных	The stolen letters	Украденные
		слов).	were never found.	письма так и
				не нашли.
		2. После	2. I didn't notice	2. Я не
		определяемого	the letter lying on	заметил
		слова (с пояс-	the table	письма,
		нительными	(= which was lying	лежащего
		словами образует	on the table).	(или:
		обособленный		лежавшего)
		причастный		на столе
		оборот).		(= которое
				лежало на
				столе).
			The textile goods	Текстильные
			produced by this	товары,
			factory are of high	выпускаемые
			quality.	этой
				фабрикой,
				высокого
				качества.

Примечание:

1. В функции определения в английском языке употребляется только простое (неперфектное) причастие I, которое выражает действие, одновременное с действием, выраженным сказуемым предложения. Русские причастия прошедшего времени совершенного вида (написавший, сказавший и т.п.) следует переводить на английский язык определительными придаточными предложениями с глаголом в личной форме.

Мальчик, приехавший вчера в Москву, - мой брат. - The boy who came to Moscow yesterday is my brother.

Этот спортсмен, пробежавший длинную дистанцию, выиграл соревнование. - The sportsman who had run a long distance won the competition. Сравните:

Человек, что-то пишущий за столом Человек, написавший эту книгу, у окна, - наш преподаватель. хорошо знает жизнь студентов.

The man writing something at the table The man who wrote this book near the window is our teacher. knows the life of students well.

2. Отдельно взятое причастие, а также причастные обороты, состоящие из причастия + наречие, могут стоять как перед определяемым ими существительным, так и после него. Причастные обороты, состоящие из причастия + предложный оборот или из причастия + дополнение, могут стоять только после определяемого ими существительного:

the playing children - the children playing in the yard

a smoking man - a man smoking a cigarette

a broken tree - a tree broken during the storm

3. В отличие от русского языка, в английском языке определительные причастные обороты, как правило, запятыми не выделяются.

4. Содержание определительного причастного оборота соответ- ствует содержанию определительного придаточного предложения. Причастный оборот с Participle I соответствует определительному предложению в активной форме, а оборот с Participle II - определительному предложению со сказуемым в пассивной форме:

Atomic stations producing energy ... = Atomic stations that (which) produce energy. (Active Voice)

Our cities visited by foreigners ... = Our cities that (which) were visited by foreigners. (Passive Voice)

Причастия, стоящие перед определяемым существительным, переводятся на русский язык причастием действительного залога настоящего или прошедшего времени, оканчивающихся на -щий или -вши, или причастием страдательного залога настоящего или прошедшего времени на - нный, - тый, - мый, - вшийся, - щийся. Причастия, стоящие после существительного, переводятся на русский язык соответствующей формой русских причастий или определительным придаточным предложением.

Exercise 1. Read the following sentences where the Participle is used as an attribute. Define the position of the Participle and translate the sentences into Russian.

1. The discovery made by him is of great importance. 2. A man without a smiling face, must not open a shop. 3. A man injured in the accident was taken to hospital. 4. The article, being typed now, will be published tomorrow. 5. For over 96 years, the formula for making coca cola has been a closely guarded secret. 6. We employ experienced personnel. We do not care which sex they are. 7. The question being discussed now, is of great importance. 8. At last the police captured the escaped prisoner. 9. Which of the four men smoking by the fireplace is Ben? 10. Im some countries there is a tax on things sold in the shops. 11. A few days after the interview, I received a letter offering me the job. 12. Most of the suggestions made at the meeting were very productive. 13. What was the name of the man arrested by the police. 14. They informed us when they intended to deliver the goods ordered.

Exercise 2. Change the following sentences using Participle I as an attribute.

Model: - The boy who is standing at the window is my brother. - The boy standing at the window is my brother.

1. She looked down at her son who was sleeping on the sofa. 2. They passed a group of workers who were repairing the road. 3. The man who is smoking a cigarette is our new employee. 4. I picked up the letter that was lying on the floor. 5. The window that faced the garden was open. 6. We were watching the boys who were playing hockey. 7. The woman who is talking with the students is our lecturer. 8. The Queen opens the Parliament with a speech that sets out the Government's programme for the future. 9. The phone that was ringing for the second time interrupted his thoughts. 10. He couldn't fall asleep because of the noise that was coming from the street. 11. She got on the train that was going to Moscow. 12. The man who is addressing the meeting is the leader of the opposition. 13. 1 don't like the sight of flowers when they are dying. 14. The plane that is refuelling happens to be ours.

Exercise 3. Change the following sentences using Participle I Indefinite

Passive in the function of an attribute.

Model: - The tune which is being played now is my favourite.

- The tune being played now is my favourite.

1. The house which is being built in our street is a new theatre. 2. The problem which is being discussed now is very interesting. 3. The.new film which is being shown on television now is a very good comedy. 4. The experiment which is being carried out in the laboratory is very complicated. 5. There was a crowd of people that was being pushed back by the police. 6. She switched on the radio and listened to a music show that was being broadcast by BBC. 7. She looked at Roy. It was clear that the problems, which were being discussed by the family, didn't interest him. 8. The school that is being built in our street will be a sports school. 9. The article which is being written now will be edited by Mr. Williams. 10. As far as I know, there are two more hotels that are being built on the lake. 11. The meeting that is now being held is devoted to the work of our Marketing Department. 12. The contract that is being signed now will let us expand our market.

13. The park that is being laid out now will very soon be completed. 14. The suggestion that is being put forward by Mr. Briggs seems to be very sensible.

Exercise 4. Change the following sentences using Participle II as an attribute.

Model: 1. - She washed the linen. It hung on the rope.

- The washed linen hung on the rope.

2. - The story was a failure. It was written by John.

- The story written by John was a failure.

1. The child broke a cup. It was lying on the floor. 2. The film was a great success. It was released last month. 3. The letters were answered. They were put on the shelf. 4. The book was returned to the library. It was lost by Mary. 5. The article was rejected. It was returned to the author for revision. 6. The papers were lying on the table. They were brought by the secretary. 7. Helen lost her passport. It was returned to her in a fortnight's time. 8. The novel turned out to be dull. It was recommended to me by my friend. 9. The film which is so much spoken about is very interesting. 10. He brought the documents which were signed by the manager. 11. Did you hear the announcement that was made on the radio? 12. There are many high quality leather goods on sale. Our firm delivered them from India. 13. Did you take part in the talks which were held last week? 14. Cars which are parked in a no-parking zone will be removed.

Exercise 5. Change the following sentences so as to use either Participle I or Participle II in the function of an attribute.

1. The book which was translated by a friend of mine is very popular with readers. 2. Do you happen to know the name of the man who is talking to Mr. Brown. 3. The new stadium that houses forty-five thousand people is a wonderful building. 4. Our price-list which is enclosed with the letter gives all particulars concerning terms of payment and delivery. 5. It always gives me pleasure to help students who work hard. 6. The doctor who was sent for lived in the next house. 7. The text which was being ranslated by us was very difficult. 8. The new bank that was built last year is one of the finest building in our street. 9. We read the article which was written in English. 10. I couldn't get the book which was recommended by our teacher. 11. She showed the travellers into the room which had been reserved for them. 12. The workers who are unloading the ship will be free in an hour. 13. The railway line which connects this village with the town was built two years ago. 14. An island is a piece of land which is surrounded by water. 15. The plane which is taking off is Tu-144. 16. The machine which has been designed by our colleagues will help scientists greatly.

Exercise 7. Translate what is given in brackets using Participle I or Participle II as an attribute.

1. Larry refused the drink (предложенного) to him. 2. I've heard something about the research (проводимом) in this laboratory. 3. We came up to the man (стоявшему) at the corner and asked him the way. 4. The man (стоящий) at the time-table was our English teacher last year. 5. He inquired about the films (показывавшихся) in the club at the time. 6. She decided to taste the meat pie (купленный) at the baker's. 7. The people (ожидающие) for the doctor have been sitting here for a long time. 8. The conference (проходящая) now at the University is devoted to the problems of management. 9. Suddenly I heard a sound of a key (поворачиваемого) in the lock. 10. The problem (поднятая) in the novel leaves nobody cold. 11. What is the number of the apartment houses (построенных) in the past few years? 12. A young man saved а (тонущего) child. 13. Cotton dresses are much cheaper than dresses (сделанные) of silk. 14. The questions (обсуждаемые) at the present session of the Academy of Sciences are of great importance. 15. А (разбитая) bottle in the road punctured my tyres. 16. Mrs. Roberts addressed the porter (несущего) her suitcase.

Exercise 8. Translate the following sentences into English using the Participle as an attribute.

1. Директор прочел все письма, полученные из Нью-Йорка. 2. Окна, которые выходили на море, были открыты. 3. Я не был на собрании, которое проводилось в университете вчера. 4. Чтобы успеть на поезд, который прибывает в 8 утра, она должна была встать очень рано. 5. Дорога, которая сейчас ремонтируется, будет значительно шире после ремонта. 6. Эта телеграмма пришла вместе с почтой, доставленной утром. 7. Он говорит, что дом, стоящий напротив, будет закончен в будущем году. 8. Я посмотрел на женщину, стоящую у окна. 9. Подойдя к столу, он увидел на нем письмо, адресованное ему. 10. Мать улыбалась, глядя на детей, играющих в саду. 11. Все студенты, знающие английский язык, примут участие в конкурсе. 12. Хорошо одетый незнакомец сразу привлек наше внимание. 13. Студенты, читающие английские книги в оригинале, легко овладеют языком. 14. Покажите нам список студентов, изучающих немецкий язык. 15. Книги, изданные и издаваемые в этом издательстве, пользуются большим спросом. 16. Испытанное оборудование доставили на завод.

Exercise 9. Translate the following sentences into English. Mind the form of Participle I.

Model: 1. - Человек, отдавший этот приказ, должен быть наказан.

- The man who has given this order must be punished.

2. - Люди, отдающие приказания, должны быть ответственными.

-People giving orders must be responsible.

1. Человек, ответивший на наши вопросы, оказался профессором Московского университета. 2. Человек, передающий репортажи из-за рубежа, называется иностранным корреспондентом. 3. Они избрали путь, ведущий к быстрому успеху. 4. Они пошли по пути, приведшему их к успеху. 5. Мужчина, оставивший свой чемодан в вестибюле, прошел к администратору. 6. Пассажиры, оставляющие свои вещи в камере хранения, получают квитанцию. 7. Студенты, принимавшие участие в этой работе, поедут в Москву. 8. Люди, работающие в этом офисе, пользуются компьютерами. 9. Люди, работавшие на этом заводе, были уволены. 10. Он получил письмо от коллеги, в котором говорилось, что конференция состоится в мае. 11. Меня очень интересует молодой писатель, написавший повесть о жизни студентов. 12. Вопросы, обсуждавшиеся на этом собрании, очень интересны. 13. Молодой человек, ожидающий ответа секретаря, просматривал журналы. 14. Кто эта девушка, приходившая к Вам вчера вечером? 15. Вот девушка, рассказавшая мне эту историю. 16. Девушка, стоявшая у окна, уже ушла. 17. Я подошел к девушке, стоящей у окна. 18. Дети, которые играли во дворе, громко смеялись. 19. Дети, которые играли во дворе, уже ушли. 20. Студент, потерявший учебник, может получить его в деканате. 21. Это был один из студентов, принимающих участие в конференции. 22. Я разговаривал с одним из студентов, принимавших участие в конференции два года тому назад.

THE PARTICIPLE AS ADVERBIAL MODIFIER OF TIME

ПРИЧАСТИЕ В ФУНКЦИИ ОБСТОЯТЕЛЬСТВА ВРЕМЕНИ

Функ-	Форма	Место в
ция	причастия	предложе-	Союзы	, Примеры	Перевод
		нии
Adverbial	Participle I	В начале	When	1. Working on my	1. Работая над
modifier	non-perfect	или в конце	while	report (=While	докладом (= В
of time	perfect		as	working on my	то время, как я
Обстоя-	Participle II		till	report) I read a	работал над
тельство			until	number of interesting	докладом), я
времени				articles.	прочитал ряд
					интересных
					статей.
				2. Having done his	2. Выполнив
				homework John	домашнее
				played a game of chess with his brother Don't forget articles when speaking English. Having been dried and stored (=After the goods had been dried and stored) the goods were packed in a warehouse When burnt, coal produces heat. 6. When given time to think, he always answers well.	задание (после того как Джон выполнил домашнее задание) Джон сыграл партию в шахматы со своим братом. 3. Не забывай­те об артик­лях, говоря по-английски 4. После того, как товары были просу­шены и рас­сортированы, они были помещены на склад. 5. При горе­нии уголь выделяет тепло. 6. Когда ему давали время, он всегда хорошо отвечал.

Примечания:

1. Причастие I от глагола to be - being не употребляется в оборотах, выражающих обстоятельство времени. Поэтому русское предложение "Будучи студентом, он любил ходить в театр", следует перевести "When he was a student (When a student) he liked to go to the theatre. Однако причастие I от глагола to be - being употребляется в функции обстоятельства причины: "Так как он был довольно бедным, он не мог позволить себе остановиться в этой гостинице". - "Being rather poor, he could not afford to put up at that hotel".

2. Русским деепричастиям "сказав", "подумав" соответствует английское причастие I простое (non-perfect):

Джорж вышел из комнаты, сказав, что George left the room saying that he он торопится. was in a hurry.

Подумав, что он занят, я решил зайти к Thinking that he was busy, I нему позднее. decided to call on him later.

3. Причастия в функции обстоятельства времени характерны для письменной речи, в частности для газетного стиля. В устной речи обычно употребляются соответствующие придаточные предложения. Сравните: Hearing this and learning that Mr. When he heard this and learnt that Brooks was in London he went there. Mr. Brooks was in London he went

there.

4. Причастие простое в активном залоге в функции обстоятельства времени может переводиться на русский язык деепричастием несовершенного вида (переводя, читая), придаточным времени (обычно с союзом "когда") или предложным оборотом "при + существительное": Reading this book the student 1. Читая эту книгу, студент обнаружил found out many interesting things. много интересного.

2. Когда студент читал эту книгу, он обнаружил много интересного.

3. При чтении этой книги студент обнаружил много интересного.

5. Перфектная форма причастия I обычно переводится деепричастием совершенного вида, придаточным обстоятельственным предложением с союзом "после того как" (глагол-сказуемое такого предложения будет иметь форму прошедшего времени) или существительным с предлогом "после":

Having written the article, he posted it. 1. Написав статью, он отправил ее

по почте.

2. После того как он написал статью, он отправил ее по почте.

3. После написания статьи он отправил ее по почте.

6. Страдательные причастия (типа being used ) можно переводить либо придаточным обстоятельным предложением, либо, в некоторых случаях, деепричастием (типа "будучи использован"):

Being asked ( When he was asked) Будучи спрошен (= Когда его

whether he intended to return soon, he спросили), намерен ли он скоро answered that he would be away for about возвратиться, он ответил, что

three months. будет отсутствовать около трех месяцев.

Exercise 1. Read the following sentences. Point out the Participle used in the function of an adverbial modifier of time. Translate the sentences into Russian.

1. Until registered, a company may not start trading. 2. Having graduated from the university, he decided to go abroad. 3. When asked about it, he didn't say a word. 4. Entering a leaving room with ladies, don't rush before them. Remember the golden rule of every gentleman: "Ladies first". 5. When crossing the street in London, look first to the right, then to the left. 6. Having improved quality, we noticed a sharp increase in orders. 7. While playing tennis, be sure you hold the racket in the right way. 8. Writing his report, the correspondent covered the latest developments in the country. 9. Arriving at the station, we called a porter. 10. He won't stop arguing until interrupted. 11. When shown the letter, she confessed everything. 12. Having spent all the money, he started looking for work. 13. When completed, the new building will house three departments. 14. Having completed the experiment, they compared the results. 15. Working under pressure, someone might find it difficult to do what is ethically correct. 16. While waiting for medical help, don't give the patient any medicine.

Exercise 2. Paraphrase the following sentences using Participle I indefinite active in the function of an adverbial modifier of time. Translate the sentences into Russian.

Model: 1. - When I heard the news, I phoned Peter.

- Hearing the news I phoned Peter.

2. - When I was passing the shop I saw a beautiful dress in the shop window.

- Passing the shop I saw a beautiful dress in the shop window.

1. When I looked up I saw the teacher standing over my desk. 2. When the man was running home he lost his wallet. 3. I was travelling in the East when I met Paul and his wife. 4. When she spoke to Bill, she asked his advice. 5. When they arrived at the airport, they saw their friends there. 6. The boys were playing in the street when they heard their mother call them. 7. When I write compositions I always fry to remember about marks of punctuation. 8. When I talked to the boss, I asked him for promotion. 9. When I was taking part in the conference, I met a lot of interesting people. 10. When you buy a new coat don't forget to try it on first. 11. He turned off all the lights when he left the office. 12. When I was checking in at the hotel, I asked the receptionist to give me a single room. 13. When we write a telegram, we must use as few words as possible. 14. When they were driving home, they ran out of petrol.

Exercise 3. Paraphrase the following sentences according to the model.

Model: - When (while) he was approaching the house he tried to remember what he bad to say.

- When approaching the house he tried to remember what to say.

1. When he was asking me about it, he smiled. 2. While I was waiting for you I have read all these papers. 3. He found his old photo when he was looking for an empty envelope. 4. While he was interviewing the applicant, Mr. Brown wrote down some information about him. 5. When he was going through the Customs Fred filled in a declaration form. 6. While Jack was attempting to lock the door he broke the key. 7. While Jane was waiting for her bus she read the advertisements in the newspaper. 8. When she was travelling by plane, Miss Ross felt airsick. 9. While I was staying in Washington I couldn't help thinking about my family. 10. When the workers were moving the furniture, they found a gold ring behind the wardrobe. 11. While Prof. Green was talking to me he kept thinking about his lecture. 12. While the manager was scolding the workers he felt very angry. 13. While the man was changing the bulb he fell off the ladder. 14. When I was writing my business plan, I consulted some of my colleagues.

Exercise 4. Change the following sentences using Participle I perfect (active and passive) to denote an action prior to the action of the finite verb.

Model: 1. - She put the coat on and started for the door.

- Having put the coat on, she started for the door.

2. - After he had done his homework he went out for a walk.

- Having done his homework, he went out for a walk.

1. After he had had a holiday he felt better. 2. We were told that bad weather was on the way and cancelled our excursion. 3. Now that I have heard your side of the question I'm more inclined to agree with you. 4. The young man finished the essay and gave a sigh of relief. 5. After he had made an appointment with Mr. Brown he told the director about it. 6. Mr. Hudson made a long distance call to their customer in London and went out to have lunch. 7. The secretary typed the letters, then put them all in envelopes. 8. Our luggage was weighed and registered first and then taken to the plane. 9. After they had settled all the questions they signed the agreement. 10. She locked all the doors then she went to bed. 11. The boss was told about their rival's plans and he called a meeting immediately. 12. I brought my suit from the dry-cleaner's and saw a large stain on it. 13. After he had made so much efforts to reach his goal he wasn't going to give everything up easily. 14. I was warned about the coming crisis and withdrew all the money from the bank.

Exercise 6. Rewrite the following sentences so as to use an adverbial clause of time instead of the constructions with the Participle.

Model: 1. - When speaking at the meeting yesterday, I forgot to mention this (act.

- When I was speaking at the meeting yesterday, I forgot to mention this fact.

2. - When asked about the accident, Ann began to cry.

- When Ann was asked about the accident, she began to cry.

1. Having looked through a lot of journals and newspapers, Harry began to write his report. 2. When asked if he realised the danger, he said he did. 3. Climbing the mountain, he broke his leg. 4. Entering the room the detective found it empty. 5. When interviewed he refused to answer this question. 6. Finding himself short of petrol, the motorist drew up at the next filling station. 7. While giving evidence the witness avoided looking at the accused. 8. Having seated his visitor, the lawyer picked up his pen. 9. Looked at from a different angle, the problem didn't seem very difficult. 10. While seeing the film, I remembered my childhood. 11. Having booked seats for everybody he hurried to the platform. 12. Finished with his breakfast, he remained for some time at the table, looking through the newspapers. 13. Having remained alone, he began to unpack his luggage. 14. Discovering that she had a talent for music, the shop assistant gave up her job to become a pop singer.

Exercise 8. Translate the following sentences into English. Mind the type of the adverbial modifier.

Model: 1. - Будучи написано карандашом, письмо было трудно разобрать (= Так как письмо было написано карандашом, ...). - обстоятельство причины

-Being written in pencil, the letter was difficult to make out.

2. - Будучи ребенком, я часто плакал (= Когда я был ребенком,...)- обстоятельство времени

-When I was a boy, I often cried (= When a boy,...)

1. Будучи очень занятым, он не мог навестить своих друзей. 2. Будучи студентом, он принимал участие во многих спортивных соревнованиях. 3. Будучи иностранкой, она с трудом понимала английскую разговорную речь. 4. Будучи рассеянным, он часто забывал ключи от комнаты. 5. Будучи в Лондоне, я часто виделся с ним. 6. Будучи способным ребенком, он хорошо учился по всем предметам. 7. Будучи школьником, я каждое лето отдыхал в спортивном лагере. 8. Будучи больной, она отложила деловую поездку. 9. Будучи очень занят, он не сразу услышал меня. 10. Будучи в Киеве, он не смог принять участия в нашей конференции. 11. Будучи в Киеве, я посмотрел новую пьесу этого писателя. 12. Будучи наказанным, мальчику не разрешали играть с другими детьми. 13. Будучи молодым, он сменил несколько профессий, прежде чем стал капитаном корабля. 14. Будучи очень усталым, он плохо слушал вопросы учителя. 15. Будучи молодым, он сражался на фронте во время Великой Отечественной войны. 16. Будучи в командировке, я однажды пошел в местный театр и получил большое удовольствие от спектакля.

Exercise 9. Translate the following sentences into English using Participle I or Participle II as an adverbial modifier of time.

1. Когда ему дали больше времени, он смог перевести статью. 2. Услышав эту новость, я побежал рассказать ее другу. 3. Приехав домой, он увидел, что его совсем не ждали. 4. Упаковав вещи, я пошел вызвать такси. 5. Закончив лекцию, профессор стал отвечать на вопросы студентов. 6. Подходя к дому, я вспомнил, что забыл опустить письмо. 7. Написав письмо, она отнесла его на почту. 8. Прочитав книгу, он вернул ее своему другу. 9. Будучи переведенными на другой язык, стихи потеряли свою красоту. 10. Приехав в Лондон, мы сразу же отправились осматривать город. 11. Закончив эту работу, вы сможете отдохнуть два дня. 12. Когда его ругают, он только улыбается. 13. Когда его спрашивают, он всегда хорошо отвечает. 34. Он всегда говорит очень много, и когда его слушают, и когда не слушают. 15. Осмотрев больного и поставив диагноз, врач направил его в больницу. 16. Прослужив в армии два года, он вернулся взрослым человеком. 17. Читая библиотечную книгу, не делай в ней пометок. 18. Пройдя мимо этого дома вчера, я слышал, как кто-то прекрасно пел. 19. Увидев полицейского, он перешел на другую сторону улицы. 20. Прожив долгое время за границей, он был рад вернуться на родину.