Exercise

1. Give nouns corresponding to the following verbs and translate them into Ukrainian:

to tend; to apply; to fertilize, to treat, to accumulate, to consider, to till, to injure, to form, to expand, to defend, to cover.

2. Give antonyms:

Productive, low-quality grain, desirable, disadvantage, heavy soil, adequate, well nourished plants.

3. Translate the following sentences into Russian, paying particular attention to the meaning of the word either:

1. A disk plow may have either one or two and more disks.

2. Either of these harrows may be used effectively in loosening the soil.

3. Harrows as well as plows may be either horse or tractor- drawn.

4. One may use either horse power or tractor power for pulling plows having two disks.

4. Change the following sentences into the Passive Voice. Leave out the subject of the action where it is necessary.

1. They show various species of useful plants to the delegation.

2. The storage conditions influence the quality of the stored seed.

3. The experimenter gave us this valuable advice.

4. At first man cared for wild plants in a very primitive way.

5. We shall invite him to take part in the conference.

V. Replace the infinitives in brackets by the Present Perfect or the Past Indefinite.

1. The farmers (to sow) this new variety of wheat. Now they can go to the Experimental Training Farm.

2. You ever (to be) in Poltava?-Yes, I (to be) there last year.

3. I already (to send) the telegram.

4. I (to send) the telegram yesterday.

5. They (not to see) him in January.

6. They (not to see) him since January.

7. At last the agronomist (to write) the report; now he’ll go to the field.

Lesson 8

Oats and Barley.

Place in Rotations. Oats and barley may occupy a variable place in the rotation of crops. Land that has been in corn, beans, soybean, sugar-beet, potatoes or other row crops usually may be disked rather than plowed, the first step in seedbed preparation for the grain crop being thus simplified.

Oats are known to yield much better when they are grown following sugar-beets than they do after small grains.

Fertilizers for Barley and Oats. Both barley and oats respond well to phosphate and potash fertilizers, with a little nitrogen to give the crop a vigorous start, if these nutrients in available form are not present in the soil in adequate amounts.

With oats applications of barnyard manure are not recommended unless the fertility of the soil is too low, for the nitrogen present in the manure causes the plants to produce a tall rank growth of straw and lodging often results. A better practice is to apply the manure to the cultivated crop that is usually followed by the oats in the rotation. When this practice is followed, most of the nitrogen present in the manure is used by the cultivated crop; and that remaining is not sufficient to cause the lodging of the oats that follow. However, with oats grown for hay or pasturage it is recommended that direct applications of manure or commercial fertilizer high in nitrogen should be made to assure good yields.

Explanatory Notes

have much in common	имеют много общего
recorded history	летописная история
thus far	до сих пор
dependable production	надежное производство
by essentially identical methods	в основном одинаковыми методами
cultural methods	методы возделывания (выращивания), агротехнические методы
seasonal labor requirements	посезонные затраты труда
this applies to	это относится к
regardless of	независимо от

Words and word combinations to be learnt:

assure, v	гарантировать
barnyard manure	стойловый (хлевный) навоз
bean	боб, фасоль
commercial fertilizer	промышленное удобрение
corn	кукуруза, маис (амер.)
disk, v	дисковать, обрабатывать почву дисковыми орудиями
hay, n	сено
lodging, n	полегание (хлебов, посевов)
nitrogen, n	азот
nutrient, n	питательное вещество
pasturage	пастбище, выгон, выпас
potash, n	поташ
phosphate	фосфат
plow, v	пахать, бороздовать
rowcrop, n	пропашная культура
soybean, n	соя
sugar- beet, n	сахарная свекла