- •The structure of seeds
- •Exercises
- •Find words in the text opposite in meaning to the following:
- •Give the English equivalents for:
- •3. Choose the right form of the verb from the brackets.
- •4. Find words and word combinations, concerning farm terminology.
- •5.Answer the questions:
- •6.Read and translate the text. Answer the questions.
- •Plant, its parts and their functions
- •Пояснения к тексту
- •Exercises
- •1. Give the English equivalents for:
- •2. Give the Russian equivalents for:
- •3. Replace the infinitive in the brackets by the Present Perfect or the
- •4. Find the participles, state their form and function in the sentence.
- •5. Answer the following questions:
- •Пояснения к тексту
- •Exercises
- •1. Give the English equivalents for:
- •2. Give the Russian equivalents for:
- •4. Use the required tenses instead of the Infinitives in brackets and translate
- •Classification of field crops
- •Exercises
- •I. Give the English equivalents for:
- •II. Use the required tenses instead of the infinitive in brackets and translate the sentences into Ukrainian.
- •III. Translate the following sentences. Pay attention to both…and.
- •IV. Read and write the following cardinal numerals.
- •Spring Wheat
- •Exercises
- •Winter Wheat.
- •Explanatory Notes
- •Exercise
- •Oats and barley
- •Exercise
- •Oats and Barley.
- •Exercise
- •I. Give verbs corresponding to the following adjectives, translate into Ukrainian/Russian:
- •II. Translate the following words and word combinations into Ukrainian/ Russian:
- •III. Turn the following into the Passive Voice. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian/Russian
- •IV. Complete the following sentences. Translate them into Ukrainian/Russian
- •V. Fill in the blanks with the verbs can, must (to have to (to be to), may or should in the correct form Translate the sentences.
- •Exercises
- •I. Underline suffixes and prefixes in the following words, state to what part of speech these words belong and translate them into Ukrainian/Russian:
- •II. Translate the following English words and word combinations into Ukrainian/Russian:
- •III. State the functions of infinitives in the following sentences.
- •IV. Translate the following sentences. State the functions of the italicized words.
- •V. Translate the following sentences into Ukrainian/Russian. Pay attention to the translation of Participle I and Participle II used as an attribute or as an adverbial modifier
- •VI. Put questions up to this text.
- •Exercises
- •VI. Define the function of the verb with the ending-ed. Translate the
- •VII. Make a plan of the text “Corn” (Lesson 9,10). Retell this text according to your plan.
Exercise
I. Give verbs corresponding to the following adjectives, translate into Ukrainian/Russian:
definite, valuable, complete, different, various, dependent, productive, suitable, destructive.
II. Translate the following words and word combinations into Ukrainian/ Russian:
quality of tubers, heavy clays, to germinate, to prepare a good seedbed, uniform depth, to insure, sufficient moisture for germination, species of oats, temperate zone, ear spikelets, to form a panicle, to sow in the fall, severe winters, dependable production, identical seeding, cultural, and harvest methods, crop rotation, succeeding crops, fall – or springsown, row crops may be disked rather than plowed, phosphate and potash fertilizers, lodging, to grow for hay or pasturage, to assure good yields.
III. Turn the following into the Passive Voice. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian/Russian
Leave out the subject of the action
Many farmers apply some lime to such soils.
The workers are repairing this tractor now.
Our farmers improved the fertility of the soil..
They were studying physical properties of the soil when I came into the room.
Our agronomist will sign these important documents tomorrow.
They were plowing the field when it began raining..
IV. Complete the following sentences. Translate them into Ukrainian/Russian
… is one of the most important factors affecting crop growth.
One can classify… according to their use.
A… crop is the one that …for more than two years.
The optimum temperature for … is higher than that for small grains.
The variety of corn that is grown on our farm is highly…
productive, temperature, perennial crops, cotton, grows
V. Fill in the blanks with the verbs can, must (to have to (to be to), may or should in the correct form Translate the sentences.
Farmers … feed their animals properly.
Cattle, sheep and poultry…be kept under proper conditions.
What … be grown throughout the world.
Every farmer… to work much.
Wheat to be planted on this field next season.
…I ask you some questions on this new variety of wheat?
Lesson 9
CORN
Corn is known to belong to the tropical plants. However, it has been found that it is well adapted, to the temperate zone where it reaches its best development.
The leading countries in the production of this crop are the United States, Russia, Ukraine , Argentina and Egypt.
Corn is thought to be a native of America. It is said that it was introduce into Europe by Columbus after he had returned from his voyage.
Botanical Characters. Botanically corn is a grass, that is, it belongs to the same family of plants as timothy and wheat. Its roots are fibrous and spread several feet in the ground in all directions.
The stem like that of all the grasses, is made up of node and internode varying greatly in different varieties.
The corn stem is known to have a hard fibrous coat and a soft, spongy pith, differing from the hollow stem of most grasses.
The height of the plant varies from 5 to 20 feet. The usual height is considered to be from 5 to 10 feet.
Climatic Requirements. Corn requires a generous, well distributed rainfall, a frost-free growing period of sufficient length and an abundance of warm weather.
A good distribution of rainfall is essential during the critical months of July and August. During this period of rapid growth corn is found to require a large amount of water.
A growing season from 80 to 160 days is necessary to mature the various corn varieties. Production of corn in the northern regions has been increased as a result of the development of very early maturing hybrids. Most of the earlier maturing varieties grown in these areas are used for silage.
Words and word combinations to be learnt:
a native of (America) |
родом из (Америки) |
…that is, |
…то есть |
growing period |
вегетационный период |
the development…of hybrids |
выведение…гибридов |
introduce, v |
вводить, внедрять; интродуцировать |
timothy, n |
тимоореевка луговая |
fibrous, a |
волокнистый, жилистый |
node, n |
узел |
internode, n |
междоузлие |
coat, n |
оболочка, плева |
spongy pith |
губчатая (пористая) сердевина |
height, n |
высота, рост |
abundance, n |
изобилие |
hybrid, n |
гибрид |
silage, n |
силос |