- •Section 1
- •Section 2 understanding electricity
- •Section 3
- •Solar energy
- •Part II electricity and magnetism. Lesson 1
- •The nature of electricity.
- •Lesson 2
- •Starter: Electricity and magnetism are closely linked. In what way?
- •Lesson 3 study section
- •Lesson 4 Fuses
- •Gathering Information
- •Step 4. Warnings
- •Step 5. Conditions and Instructions
- •Lesson 5 the electric motor
- •Word study
- •Lesson 6. Step 1. List the different ways in which electricity can be generated
- •Portable generator.
- •Study these pairs of actions, what is the link between each pair?
- •Word study: Verbs with -ise /-ize Study these statements:
- •Lesson 7.
- •1.Principles of Electricity
- •2. How Electrical Energy is Produced.
- •Electrochemistry, Batteries and Other Sources of e.M.F. Pure liquids are good insulators but liquids containing salts conduct electricity.
- •4. Resistors and Electrical Circuits
- •5. Electromagnetism
- •6. Electrical Generators and Power Distribution.
- •7. The Transformer
- •Lesson 8. Technical books and reports
- •Lesson 9. Safety at work
- •1. Who is this document for?
- •2. Who wrote this document?
- •What are the differences in meaning, if any between these statements?
- •Lesson 10 careers in engineering
- •Jobs in engineering
- •Part III основи перекладу науково–технічної літератури
- •1 Лексичні питання перекладу
- •2. Граматичні особливості науково-технічної літератури
- •В англійській мові підметом пасивноі конструкції може стати непрямий додаток без прийменника, наприклад, речення
- •В англійській мові підметом пасивнї конструкції може стати непрямий додаток з прийменником, наприклад, речення
- •Складна обставина
- •Техніка перекладу
- •To be to do to have shall
- •4 Реферат та анотація як вторинні наукові тексти.
- •Мова реферату
- •Слід відзначити, що дуже часто зустрічаються в текстах рефератів дієпри-
- •5 Навчання анотуванню
- •Структура анотації
Electrochemistry, Batteries and Other Sources of e.M.F. Pure liquids are good insulators but liquids containing salts conduct electricity.
An ion is an atom, which has either lost an electron (a positive ion) or has gained an electron (a negative ion).
Electrolysis is the process of decomposing an electrolyte by the passage of electric current through it; this results in chemical action at the electrodes, that is, the anode and the cathode. Electrolysis is the basis not only of many forms of chemical extraction and refining but also of the electroplating industry. Faraday’s laws describe the laws, which govern electrolysis. An electrical cell consists of two sets of plates immersed in an electrolyte. Cell can be either dry or wet. A primary cell cannot be recharged but a secondary cell can be recharged. A battery is an interconnected group of cells. All cells have an internal resistance whose value is reduced by the use of a depolarizes.
Electricity can be produced by a number of different methods including chemical action, thermoelectricity, the Hall effect, the piezoelectric effect and the photovoltaic effect.
4. Resistors and Electrical Circuits
A resistor may either be fixed or variable. Variable resistors may either have a sliding contact or may be “tapped” at various paints along their length; they may be connected as potentiometers to provide a variable output voltage. The resistance of a resistor depends on several factors including the resistively the length, the cross-sectional area and the temperature of the material. The conductance of a conductor is equal to the reciprocal of the resistance. In the case of a conductor an increase in temperature causes an increase in resistance and vice versa. In an insulator and a semiconductor, an increase in temperature causes a decrease in resistance. When resistors are connected in series the resistance of the circuit is greater than the highest individual value of resistance in the circuit and the resistance of the circuit is less than the lowest individual value of resistance the circuit.
5. Electromagnetism
A magnetic field in a ferromagnetic material is produced by magnetic domains. Lines of magnetic flux are said to leave a N-pole and enter a S-pole. Like magnetic poles repel one another and unlike magnetic poles attract one another.
The magneto motive force (m.m.f.) produced by an electromagnet causes a magnetic flux to be established in the magnetic circuit. The effective “resistance” of a magnetic circuit to magnetic flu is known as its reluctance (S) The relationship between the flux (F) the reluctance and the m.m.f. (F) is (Ohm’s law for the magnetic circuit) Р=F·8. Equipment can be screened from a strong magnetic field by surrounding it with a material of low reluctance. An e.m.f. may be induced in a circuit either by self-induction or induction by motion in a magnetic field or by mutual induction. The magnitude and “direction” of the induced e.m.f. can be predicted using Faraday’s laws and Lens’s law.