
- •Text translation.
- •Key terms – matching and translation.
- •Vocabulary practice: switching.
- •Translation from page.
- •Monopoly and Technical Change
- •Imperfect competition and strategic behavior
- •Text translation.
- •Key terms – matching and translation.
- •Vocabulary practice: switching.
- •Translation from page.
- •Game theory
- •Text translation.
- •Key terms – matching and translation.
- •Vocabulary practice: switching.
- •Translation from page.
- •Mergers and market power
- •Major Merger Movements
- •Text translation.
- •Key terms – matching and translation.
- •Vocabulary practice: switching.
- •Translation from page.
- •Human capital
- •Imperfect competition in labor markets
- •Text translation.
- •Key terms – matching and translation.
- •3 Vocabulary practice: switching.
- •Translation from page.
- •Are Exploitation and Discrimination Caused by Capitalistic Greed?
- •Text translation.
- •Key terms – matching and translation.
- •Vocabulary practice: switching.
- •Translation from page.
- •Interest
- •Interest Rates
- •Income distribution and poverty
- •Text translation.
- •Key terms – matching and translation.
- •Vocabulary practice: switching.
- •Translation from page.
- •Poverty: a relative concept
- •Text translation.
- •2 Key terms – matching and translation.
- •3 Vocabulary practice: switching.
- •Translation from page.
- •Public Goods
Key terms – matching and translation.
Read aloud the key term and its definition so that they make up a single sentence. (Remember about the agreement between the subject and the predicate!). Translate the sentences you have arrived at from English into Russian.
Set I
1 |
equality standard |
a Low income caused by circumstances beyond personal control. |
2 |
voluntary poverty |
b "To each according to need." |
3 |
welfare |
c Based on the income required to sustain a minimal standard of living. |
4 |
communist ideal |
d Choosing to be eligible for welfare payments by making a low income. |
5 |
Lorenz curve |
d An extra dollar means more to someone poor than to someone rich, according to this hypothesis. |
6 |
poverty line |
f Similarly productive workers are paid different wages. |
7 |
diminishing marginal utility of income |
g Receiving more government benefits, proportionally, than one pays in taxes. |
8 |
economic discrimination |
h. "To each, equally." |
9 |
involuntary poverty |
i A graph depicting inequality. |
10 |
contribution standard |
j. "To each according to productivity." |
Set II
1 |
negative income taxes |
a Measures a person's divergence from median income. |
2 |
family allowance plans (FAPs) |
b Encourages erratic employment patterns. |
3 |
relative income |
c A statistical measure of income concentration. |
4 |
needs standard |
d A welfare program blamed for severely discouraging work effort and breaking up families. |
5 |
high marginal tax rates on low income |
e A proposal to make income the sole criteria for receiving welfare, which would be cash, not in-kind payments. |
6 |
Gini index |
f A definition of poverty making it incurable. |
7 |
Aid to Families with Dependent Children |
g An "allowance" is given for minor children, but is absorbed by higher taxes for high income families. |
8 |
lowest 20 percent of families by income |
h. A straight-line Lorenz curve. |
9 |
perfect equality |
i Severe disincentives for work. |
10 |
unemployment compensation |
j Income is distributed according to need. |
Vocabulary practice: switching.
Get ready for an oral (written) translation exercise based on the economic terms in bold, as well as other relevant words and phrases from Exercises 1 and 2.
1
Отбивать желание прилагать усилия к работе; измерять, насколько доход выше или ниже среднего показателя доходов; Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC); каждому по потребности; basic rationale; колебаться в диапазоне от нуля (абсолютное равенство) до единицы (абсолютное неравенство); be shown by pretax and transfer Gini coefficients; вынужденная бедность; cash payment; несовершеннолетние дети; cite; обеспечивать минимальный уровень дохода; contribution standard; определить границы уровня бедности; developed nation; многочисленные и разнообразные причины бедности; distribute income and wealth; относительный доход; earner; побороть\преодолеть бедность; erratic employment patterns; показатели доходов; Gini coefficient; отклонение от диагонали; graphical representation; приводить к; income tax credits; приводиться как основная причина; in-kind payment; принадлежать к категории людей малообеспеченных и имеющих небольшой доход; Lorenz curve; пособие по безработице; lowest 20 percent of families by income; сокращённые издержки; make more than twice median income; социальная справедливость; measure divergence from median income; статистический критерий/оценка; negative income tax; приспосабливать(ся); persistent discrimination; суммарный процент (суммарная доля в процентах); pose disincentives for work; трудовой доход/заработанный доход; pretax; rationale; степень\ мера\ объем\расстояние; related measure; similarly productive workers; sole criteria; sustain a minimal standard of living; tend to have less education, fewer earners, and more children; to each -equally; welfare.
2
Be above or below median income; быть широко принятыми; be eligible for welfare payments; вкладывать средства в образование; be necessarily the causes of poverty; граница бедности (нижняя граница прожиточного минимума); critique (v); административная крыша; cumulative percentage of income; кормилец семьи; developing nation; навыки, пользующиеся спросом на рынке; earn additional income; налоговая льгота; earned income tax credits; каждому в соответствии с производительностью труда; establish a floor on family income; неполученные\утраченные компенсационные выплаты ; floor on family income; низкооплачиваемые работающие американцы; income inequality; объединять большое количество программ; incurable poverty; неподвластные человеку обстоятельства; keep sb above the poverty line; отрицательный стимул к работе; makе less than half of median income; план по выплате государственного пособия многодетным семьям ; measure of income concentration; принимая во внимание; needs standard; относительно ч-л; portray inequality; разработать показатели дохода; problems posed for; распределение доходов; ratio; семьи с разным количеством членов семьи, разного возраста и с разными местами проживания; reduction of AFDC benefits; программа по выплате суммы из бюджета лицу с низким уровнем дохода; related statistical measure of income inequality; снижать пособия на сумму, меньшую чем та, на которую возрос доход; social equality; сокращающаяся численность среднего класса; Social Security Administration; ставить своей целью; standard of living; система социального обеспечения; straight-line diagonal; убывающая предельная полезность дохода; tend to have more equal distributions of income; усреднённый доход; transfer coefficient ; структура занятости.