1. Образование прилагательных при помощи суффиксов.

Для образования прилагательных употребительны следующие суффиксы:

Суффикс - ful, образующий прилагательные от существительных. Главное значение: « обладающий данным качеством»:

use – useful, peace – peaceful, harm - harmful

Суффикс - less, образующий прилагательные от существительных. По значению он противоположен суффиксу –ful и означает отсутствие какого-либо качества:

use – useless, help - helpless

Кроме того, имеются следующие распространенные суффиксы прилагательных:

- ish (reddish, greenish, sweetish)

- y (dirty, windy, sleepy)

- able, - ible (possible, impossible, comfortable)

- al, - ical (political, practical)

- ous (famous, dangerous)

2. Образование прилагательных при помощи префиксов.

Прилагательные нередко образуются от прилагательных (и причастий) при помощи префиксов. Наиболее употребительны отрицательные префиксы un-, in- (im-, ir-):

happy – unhappy, natural – unnatural, known - unknown

Прилагательные могут образовываться при помощи префиксов также и от существительных: war – antiwar, pre-war, post-war.

3. Образование прилагательных путем словосложения.

Сложные прилагательные часто образуются путем соединения основ прилагательного и существительного с добавлением суффикса – ed: good – natured, dark – haired, blue – eyed.

К другим типам относятся такие сложные прилагательные, как sky–blue, dark–brown, peace–loving.

Образование наречий

Наречия образуются чаще всего от прилагательных при помощи суффикса – ly: quick – quickly, loud – loudly, happy – happily, careful – carefully, bad – badly.

EXERCISES

Exercise 1. От данных ниже глаголов образуйте существительные с помощью суффиксов:

– er - to read, to run, to swim, to play, to sing, to dance, to speak, to sell, to write, to drive, to skate, to ski.

– ment - to pay, to improve, to agree, to move, to develop, to establish, to depart, to govern.

– ing - to read, to swim, to ride, to sing, to dance, to wash, to eat.

Exercise 2. Переведите существительные, образованные от глаголов с помощью суффикса – (a)tion.

publication, education, foundation, competition, demonstration, connection, collection, dictation.

Exercise 3.Образуйте прилагательные от существительных с помощью суффиксов:

- ful, -less – care, fruit, doubt, hope.

-al, -ous – form, nature, education, danger, glory, courage.

Exercise 4. Образуйте противоположные по значению слова от прилагательных при помощи отрицательного префикса un-.

official, usual, important, popular, known, pleasant, prepared, comfortable, occupied, happy.

Exercise 5.Образуйте прилагательные, выражающие наличие или отсутствие качества предмета. Используйте суффиксы –ish, -y, -ful, -less.

red, sun, cloud, green, heart, use, home.

Exercise 6.Переведите следующие сложные слова. Определите, из каких основ они состоят.

Spaceship, spaceflight, intercosmos, airman, newspaper, schoolboy, shoemaker, dressmaker.

Dark-blue, first-class, red-hot.

Exercise 7. Заполните пропуски подходящими по смыслу словами: illegal, professional, belief, poisonous, performance, unhealthy, determination, difference, childhood, gracefully.

What is it that marks out a top … sportsman from the rest? At the very top there is very little … in skill and physical fitness. An enormous amount seems to depend on the person’s self … and their … to win. In doing so they can sometimes forget about the rules of fair play or even take … substances to improve their … . This desire to win by all means which is often set in … by ambitious parents, is in my opinion, …. and … . It is very sad to see children unable to accept victory or defeat … .

Exercise 8. Используя данное в скобках слово и один из известных вам словообразовательных суффиксов (префиксов), образуйте новое, подходящее по смыслу слово и заполните пропуск.

Kate Smith is a …(medicine) student who travelled by herself for six months in Asia last year. “I wasn’t …(fright) by the idea of doing a long trip on my own”, she said. “You have much …(free) and you can make your own …(decide) . At the beginning, though, I …(occasion) felt a bit lonely but later on I made many friends and was never by myself”.

Тест 1

1. All … must be received before August 10. (to apply)

2. I’m sure that the whole problem is a simple … . (to understand)

3. It’s much more … to buy large size packets. (economy)

4. Don’t touch this glass vase! It’s absolutely … . (price)

5. The doctor will be available for a … in the morning. (to consult)

6. The villages in the mountains are quite … in winter. (to access)

7. You don’t have to go. Your decision must be entirely … . (volunteer)

8. The dancer’s movement’s were extremely … . (grace)

9. The cost of … to the show is reasonable. (to admit)

10. Bill was given a medal in … of his services. (to recognise)

11. Kate exam results turned out to be really … . (disaster)

12. What are the entry … at the university? (the require)

13. Jackie suffered as a child from a very strict … . (to bring)

14. Ruth has gone back to college to get a teaching … .(to qualify)

15. I didn’t pay the bill and now the electricity has been … . (to connect)

16. Jean isn’t really a friend, only an … . (to acquaint)

17. I was so angry that I was absolutely … . (speech)

18. There is no … between you and your relatives. (to differ)

19. Language is a means of … . (to communicate)

20. She said with … “Where are you?” (to astonish)

21. No girl could be … to such a present. (to differ)

22. This book is quite … . (document)

23. Her clothes were always … . (spot)

24. This is the most … child I’ve ever seen. (to talk)

25. We had yet another … . (discuss)

26. How … of you not to study properly! (thought)

27. Then there came a … . (light)

28. The … played very quietly. (music)

29. This … will be signed tomorrow. (to agree)

30. His joy was … , because we knew he failed. (nature)