Health (Здоровье)

Common problems (Общие проблемы)

She’s sneezing	Она чихает
She’s coughing	Она кашляет
She’s got a sore throat	У нее болит горло
She’s blowing her nose	Она сморкается
She’s got a temperature	У нее температура

- I don’t feel well.

- What’s the matter?

- I’ve got a sore throat and I keep sneezing.

- You’ve probably got a cold or flu. You should go to bed.

- Yes, I think I will.

What’s the matter?	The symptoms	Cause of illness
I’ve got a cold.	Sneezing, a sore throat, a cough	A virus
I’ve got flu. (= like cold but more serious)	Same as for a cold + high temperature	A virus
I’ve got diarrhea.	I keep going to the toilet	Often food, or a virus
I feel sick.	I want to vomit (= be sick)	Many, e.g. food, illness
I’ve got a hangover.	Headache, feel sick	Too much alcohol

For illnesses you can go to a doctor or a chemist (= pharmacy). The doctor may give you a prescription (= paper with an order for medicine) that you get from the chemist.

NOTE! в английском языке используется существительное «ache», когда говорят о боли в спине (backache), желудке (stomachache), ушах (earache), головной (headache), зубной боли (toothache), a остальных случаях используют существительное «pain». Оба слова используются с глаголом «get».

I’ve got a terrible headache. I often get backache.

I woke up with a terrible pain in my chest. I get a pain in my leg when I run.

«Ache» также может быть глаголом - при описании несильной боли, которая продолжается долгое время.

By the end of the day my feet were aching.

«Hurt» - глагол, который описывает сильную или внезапную боль.

Where does it hurt? My throat hurts when I speak.

«Painful» - прилагательное, которое употребляется чаще других.

Did it hurt when you had the fillings (= when the dentist fills a hole\ cavity in the tooth)?

It was quite painful when she gave me the injection.

Serious illness (Серьезные заболевания)

heart	сердце	lungs	легкие
liver	печень	stomach	желудок

Smoking is a major cause of lung cancer. He had a heart attack and died almost immediately. Hepatitis is a disease affecting the liver. Many people suffer from (= have the illness of) asthma (= chest illness causing breathing problems).

Injuries (Повреждения)

An injury is damage to part of your body.

What’s the matter?	How did it happen?	result	solution
She cut her finger	Using a knife	It’s bleeding	Put a plaster on it
He twisted his ankle	Running for a bus	He can’t walk	Put a bandage on it
She’s got a bruise	She hit her ankle when she fell over	It’s swollen black and blue	Ice pack
He broke his arm	He fell off his bike	He can’t use it	A sling
She burnt her hand	On the kettle	It’s very painful	Put cream on it

NOTE! «Hurt» - глагол, который используется при описании боли от повреждений, ранений.

I hurt my back in the garden.

Hospital treatment (Лечение в больнице)

John fell out of his window and hit his head on the ground. His wife called an ambulance but John was still unconscious when it arrived. He was rushed to hospital (= taken to hospital very quickly) and when he came round (= become conscious), he didn’t know where he was.

Two players jumped for the ball and bumped into each other (= hit each other but it was an accident). One cut his head and had to go to hospital. He needed ten stitches.

NOTE! Существительные «wound» и «injury» описывают телесные повреждения, но слово «wound» обычно употребляется при описании ранений от оружия, полученных в драке или на войне. Глаголы «wound» и «injure».

He was seriously (= badly) injured in a car crash.

Two of the soldiers were wounded.

Someone shot him (with a gun).

He got into a fight and he was beaten up.