Вариант 2

1. Поставьте глаголы, данные в скобках, в Present, Past или Future Continuous активного залога и переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. The prosecutor (to speak) about the crimes committed by the defendant at 2 p.m. next Monday.

2. When the accident happened, the suspect (to drive) his car at a very high speed.

3. The defence counsel (to use) a lot of evidence just now to defend his client.

4. The bank owner (to travel) on business when the robbery took place.

5. The judge (to read) the sentence at the moment.

2. Поставьте глаголы, данные в скобках, в Present или Past Сcontinuous пассивного залога и переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. Thousands of frauds (to commit) at present.

2. New legislation that could help single-parent families (to discuss) the whole day yesterday.

3. At the moment he (to accuse) of homicide.

4. A new strategy for overcoming the crisis (to negotiate) when something unexpected happened.

5. The case of forgery (to investigate) by the police now.

2. Подчеркните причастие I, определите его функцию и переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. When arresting a suspect, the police may keep him up to thirty six hours.

2. The policeman conducting the investigation interrogated all the witnesses.

3. While studying law, a person must examine numerous documents, including the Bill of Rights.

4. Giving legal advice to the plaintiff, the solicitor assumes a great responsibility.

5. When there was no legislation guiding the judges, they decided cases according to their own conception of justice.

2. Подчеркните причастие II, определите его функцию и переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. The police may arrest a person without a warrant under the law established by the 1984 Police Act.

2. Every person charged with an offence should appear before a local magistrates’ court.

3. When appointed, Justices of the Peace must attend courses of instruction about their work.

4. All crimes committed in this small town will be discovered by the police.

5. Though approved by both chambers of the Houses of Parliament, the bill wasn’t signed by the Queen.

5. Перепишите предложения, выбрав причастие I или причастие II, и переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. The (investigating / investigated) officer must be very careful at the crime scene.

2. The President appoints federal judges, ambassadors and heads of various government departments (calling / called) secretaries.

3. The form of the US government is based on the Constitution of 1787 (adopting / adopted) after the War of Independence.

4. (Improving / Improved) by many criminologists this method is still used today.

5. Valuable help in obtaining fingerprints may be given by a person (knowing / known) the crime scene.

5. Прочитайте текст, переведите устно абзацы 2, 7, 8. Перепишите и письменно переведите абзацы 1, 3, 4, 5, 6.

the us criminal justice system

1. The criminal justice system is composed of those agencies which must enforce the laws that society has enacted for its self-protection and preservation. Theoretically, it is an integrated apparatus whose functions are to apprehend, prosecute, convict, sentence, and correct offenders.

2. The US system is federal by its nature, i.e. it consists of three subsystems: state, local and federal criminal justice agencies. The system is composed of three components: police, court, corrections. Each component must contribute to the same goal — the prevention and control of crime and the rehabilitation of offenders. So the effectiveness of the whole system depends on the efficient functioning of each component and their efficient interaction.

3. But at present the criminal justice system doesn't work successfully. Of the several million serious crimes reported every year to police, ranging from murder to car theft, only one in nine results in a conviction. The rate of solution varies with different crimes.

4. Murder is usually reported, and 86 per cent of all reported murders lead to arrests. Among those arrested, however, only 64 per cent are prosecuted and not more than 43 per cent of the cases prosecuted result in convictions. Of persons prosecuted for murder 19 per cent are convicted of a lesser crime and 38 per cent are acquitted or dismissed.

5. In contrast, only 19 per cent of all the burglaries reported to police lead to an arrest. Four out of five arrested are prosecuted and 56 per cent are found guilty. So, for every twelve burglaries reported there is one conviction.

6. Robbery — taking property from a person by force or threat of force — is a crime of violence, dangerous to life and increasing rapidly. But chances of a robber being convicted are small. Only 27 per cent of all robberies lead to an arrest. Of those arrested, 63 per cent are prosecuted, of whom one-half are convicted.

7. Less than two-thirds of the cases in which individuals are charged with murder and robbery are prosecutable. Often the reasons are: insufficient evidence, mistaken identity, unprofessional work of law enforcement agencies, etc. Long delays in trials may lead to dismissals because witnesses die or disappear, evidence is stale or lost.

8. When we consider the performance of correctional agencies, the failure of the criminal justice system becomes quite evident.

7. Ответьте письменно на вопросы к тексту.

1. What are the functions of the US Criminal Justice System?

2. What is the structure of the US Criminal Justice System?

3. Why is the US Criminal Justice System functioning insufficiently at present?