СОДЕРЖАНИЕ

Введение	3
What is economics?	4
2 Basic economic problems	6
3 Macroeconomics	9
4 Microeconomics	12
5 Supply, demand and market prices	14
6 Money and its functions	18
7 The sources of income	21
8 Inflation	24
9 Marketing management	25
Дополнительная литература	29
1 Economy	29
Three economic issues	30
2 Income	36
3 Markets	40
4 Macroeconomics	46
Adam Smith	53
The challenge of lord John Maynard Keynes	54
Adam Smith and the wealth of nations	55
David Ricardo (1772-1823)	56
Alfred Marshall (1842-1924)	57
John Maynard Keynes (1883-1946)	58
Thomas Robert Mafthus (1766-1834)	59
Irving Fisher (1867-1947)	59
Karl Marx (1818-1883)	60
Profitable banks	62
Список литературы	67

ВВЕДЕНИЕ

Данные методические указания разработаны на базе Государственного общеобязательного стандарта образования (ГОСО) РК, 2011, а также рабочей программы, составленной на кафедре иностранных языков ВКГТУ им. Д. Серикбаева. Методическая разработка предназначена для бакалавров специальности 5В0506 «Экономика». Методические указания можно использовать для практических занятий, СРСП и СРС.

Методическая разработка ставит целью совершенствовать навыки чтения литературы по специальности, развивать коммуникативные навыки говорения и навыки технического перевода.

Методические указания состоят из 8 разделов. Каждый раздел включает 1 текст и упражнения на отработку новой лексики, имеющие коммуникативную направленность с целью закрепления нового материала по теме. Материалом для создания методических указаний явились современная периодика по теме «Профессионально-ориентированный английский язык.English for economists» и ресурсы интернет. Статьи были переработаны и дополнены с учетом их насущности и информативной ценности для обогащения эрудиции студентов технического вуза. Подбор коммуникативных упражнений с богатым лексическим материалом способствует развитию и дальнейшему совершенствованию навыков говорения по специальности.

Авторы оставляют полную свободу преподавателям, работающим с данной методической разработкой. В каждом конкретном случае приемлем творческий подход преподавателя с учетом языковой подготовки студентов в группе.

1 What is economics?

1.1 Read the text

One of the things that people discover every day is that you can't have everything. You are reminded of it every time you shop. Although you may see twenty or thirty items that you would really like to buy, you know that you will have to limit your selection to one or two. Everyone goes through life having to make choices.

Every business, even sports teams, must pick and choose from among the things they would like to have because they cannot have everything. Governments, too, cannot have everything. Every year the most important political debates concern questions about spending taxpayers' money.

Neither individuals nor societies can have all the things they would like to have. There simply is not enough of everything. Economists note that there is no limit to the amount or kinds of things that people want. There is, however, a limit to the resources, things used to produce goods and services, available to satisfy those wants. Once that limit is reached, nothing else can be produced. In other words, when nation's resources (all its workers, factories, farms, etc.) are fully employed, the only way it will be able to increase the production of one thing will be by reducing the production of something else.

To summarize but: human wants are unlimited, the resources necessary to satisfy those wants are limited. Thus, every society is faced with the identical problem, the problem of scarcity.

What do economists do?

Economics deals with the problems of scarcity and choice that have faced societies and nations throughout history, but the development of modern economics began in the 17^th century. Since that time economists have developed methods for studying and explaining how individuals, businesses and nations use their available economic resources. Large corporations use economists to study the ways they do business and to suggest methods for making more efficient use of their employees, equipment, factories, and other resources. Economics deals with data on income, employment, expenditure, interest rates, prices and individual activities of production, consumption, transportation, and trade. Economics deals directly with only a tiny fraction of the whole spectrum of human behavior, and so the range of problems considered by economists is relatively narrow.

1.2 Study new vocabulary

Item	отдельный предмет
selection	выборка
pick and choose	быть разборчивым
to concern	решать
taxpayer	налогоплательщик
resources	ресурсы
services	услуг
available	подходящий
reducing	сокращение
scarcity	дефицит
amount	количество
employed	работающий по найму
increase	увеличиваться
to give up	отказываться

1.3 Translate the word combinations

To limit your selection, pick and choose, concern questions, spending taxpayers’ money, a limit to the resources, available to satisfy those wants, to increase the production, by reducing the production, the resources necessary, the problem of scarcity, human resources.

1.4 Match these verbs and nouns as they occur in the text

1 concern a) resources

2 spend b) production

3 increase c) wants

4 reduce d) selection

5 limit e) questions

6 satisfy f) production city

1.5 Complete the sentences with the suitable words from the box