
- •Професiйна iноземна мова
- •II курсу спецiальностi « 6.020101 Культурологiя»
- •Професiйна iноземна мова
- •II курсу спецiальностi « 6.020101 Культурологiя»
- •Lesson 1
- •Read the text: Culture. Cultural studies.
- •Reading Exercises:
- •Speaking Exercises:
- •Answer In the mid-nineteenth century, some scientists used the term "culture" to refer to a universal human capacity.
- •III. Writing exercises:
- •Lesson 2. Read the text: Humanities.
- •After text activity
- •Reading Exercises:
- •II. Speaking Exercises:
- •III. Writing exercises:
- •Lesson 3 Read the text: Art Fundamentals . Elements of art.
- •After text activity
- •I. Reading Exercises:
- •II. Speaking Exercises: Exercise 1. Describe Texture; Form; Line; Color; Value; Shape
- •III. Writing exercises:
- •Lesson 4
- •After text activity
- •I. Reading Exercises:
- •II. Speaking Exercises:
- •III. Writing exercises:
- •Lesson 5 Read the text: World literature. Renaissance Literature . The English Renaissance English literature.
- •After text activity
- •Reading Exercises:
- •Speaking Exercises:
- •III. Writing exercises:
- •After text activity
- •Reading Exercises:
- •II. Speaking Exercises:
- •III. Writing exercises:
- •Lesson 7
- •After text activity
- •Reading Exercises:
- •II. Speaking Exercises:
- •III. Writing exercises:
- •Lesson 8 Read the text: The Visual arts.
- •The Renaissance
- •After text activity
- •Reading Exercises:
- •II. Speaking Exercises:
- •III. Writing exercises:
- •Impressionism
- •Post-impressionism
- •Symbolism, expressionism and cubism
- •After text activity
- •Reading Exercises:
- •II. Speaking Exercises:
- •III. Writing exercises:
- •Lesson 10 Read the text: Performing arts
- •Renaissance
- •Modern era
- •After text activity
- •Reading Exercises:
- •II. Speaking Exercises: Exercise 1. Describe The performing arts; Theatre; Dance ; Renaissance;
- •Renaissance:
- •III. Writing exercises:
- •II. Speaking exercises:
- •1. When did some scientists use the term "culture" to refer to a universal human capacity?
- •III. Writing exercises:
- •II. Speaking exercises:
- •1. What are the main fields of philosophy today ?
- •III. Writing exercises:
- •II. Speaking exercises:
- •1. How is three-dimensional space work created?
- •III. Writing exercises:
- •II. Speaking exercises:
- •III. Writing exercises:
- •II. Speaking exercises:
- •III. Writing exercises:
- •II. Speaking exercises:
- •III. Writing exercises:
- •II. Speaking exercises:
- •III. Writing exercises:
- •II. Speaking exercises:
- •III. Writing exercises:
- •II. Speaking exercises:
- •III. Writing exercises:
- •II. Speaking exercises:
- •III. Writing exercises:
III. Writing exercises:
Exercise 1. Complete the sentences with the suggested words: the use; be defined; from; geometric; by.
Shape pertains to of areas in two dimensional space that can by edges, setting one flat specific space apart another. Shapes can be (e.g.: square, circle, triangle, hexagon, etc.) or organic (such as the shape of a puddle, blob, leaf, boomerang, etc.) in nature. Shapes are defined other elements of art: Space, Line, Texture, Value, Color, Form.
Exercise 2. Compose a story on one of the topics (up to 100 words):
1) The elements of art
2) Primary and secondary colors
3) Geometric and organic shapes
Lesson 4
Read the text: Principles of art. Other Art Fundamentals.
Britannica Online defines art as "the use of skill and imagination in the creation of aesthetic objects, environments, or experiences that can be shared with others." By this definition of the word, artistic works have existed for almost as long as humankind: from early pre-historic art to contemporary art; however, some theories restrict the concept to modern Western societies. The first and broadest sense of art is the one that has remained closest to the older Latin meaning, which roughly translates to "skill" or "craft." A few examples where this meaning proves very broad include artifact, artificial, artifice, medical arts, and military arts. However, there are many other colloquial uses of the word, all with some relation to its etymology.
The second and more recent sense of the word art is as an abbreviation for creative art or fine art and emerged in the early 17th century. Fine art means that a skill is being used to express the artist's creativity, or to engage the audience's aesthetic sensibilities, or to draw the audience towards consideration of the finer things.
Goethe defined art as an other respiration a second nature, according to his ideal of a style that be founded on the very basic fundaments of insight and on the innermost character of things.
The word art can describe several things: a study of creative skill, a process of using the creative skill, a product of the creative skill, or the audience's experience with the creative skill. The creative arts (art as discipline) are a collection of disciplines (arts) that produce artworks (art as objects) that are compelled by a personal drive (art as activity) and echo or reflect a message, mood, or symbolism for the viewer to interpret (art as experience). Artworks can be defined by purposeful, creative interpretations of limitless concepts or ideas in order to communicate something to another person. They can be explicitly made for this purpose or interpreted on the basis of images or objects. Art is something that stimulates an individual's thoughts, emotions, beliefs, or ideas through the senses. It is also an expression of an idea and it can take many different forms and serve many different purposes. Although the application of scientific knowledge to derive a new scientific theory involves skill and results in the "creation" of something new, this represents science only and is not categorized as art.
Often, if the skill is being used in a common or practical way, people will consider it a craft instead of art. Likewise, if the skill is being used in a commercial or industrial way, it will be considered commercial art instead of fine art. On the other hand, crafts and design are sometimes considered applied art. Some art followers have argued that the difference between fine art and applied art has more to do with value judgments made about the art than any clear definitional difference. However, even fine art often has goals beyond pure creativity and self-expression. The purpose of works of art may be to communicate ideas, such as in politically, spiritually, or philosophically motivated art; to create a sense of beauty (see aesthetics); to explore the nature of perception; for pleasure; or to generate strong emotions. The purpose may also be seemingly nonexistent.
The principles of visual art are the set of rules or guidelines of visual art that are to be considered when considering the impact of a piece of artwork. They are combined with the elements of art in the production of art. The principles are movement, unity , harmony, variety, balance, emphasis, contrast, proportion, and pattern.
Movement shows actions, or alternatively, the path the viewer's eye follows throughout an artwork. Movement is caused by using elements under the rules of the principles in picture to give the feeling of action and to guide the viewer's eyes throughout the artwork. In movement your art should flow, because you are controlling the viewers eye. You control what they see and how they see it, much like a path leading across the page to the item you really want to be seen by the viewer.
Emphasis is the point of attraction in a piece of art that draws the viewers eye. If something in a piece of art has emphasis it stands out among other shapes, lines, and viewing points of the painting/drawing
Unity is the quality of wholeness that is achieved through the effective use of the elements and principles of art. The arrangement of elements and principles to create a feeling of completeness.
Harmony is achieved in a body of work by using similar elements throughout the work, harmony gives an uncomplicated look to a piece of artwork.Color Harmony or Color Theory is also considered a principle through the application of the design element of color.
Variety (also known as alternation) is the quality or state of having different forms or types. The differences which give a design visual and conceptual interest: notably use of contrast, emphasis, difference in size and color.
Balance is arranging elements so that no one part of a work overpowers, or seems heavier than any other part. The three different kinds of balance are symmetrical, asymmetrical, and radial. Symmetrical (or formal) balance is when both sides of an artwork, if split down the middle, appear to be the same. The human body is an example of symmetrical balance. The asymmetrical balance is the balance that does not weigh equally on both sides. Radial balance is equal in length from the middle. An example is the sun.
Contrast is created by using elements that conflict with one another. Often, contrast is created using complementary colors or extremely light and dark values. Contrast creates interest in a piece and often draws the eye to certain areas. It is used to make a painting look interesting
Proportion is a measurement of the size and quantity of elements within a composition. In ancient arts, proportions of forms were enlarged to show importance. This is why Egyptian gods and political figures appear so much larger than common people. The ancient Greeks found fame with their accurately-proportioned sculptures of the human form. Beginning with the Renaissance, artists recognized the connection between proportion and the illusion of 3-dimensional space.
Pattern and rhythm (also known as repetition) is showing consistency with colors or lines. Putting a red spiral at the bottom left and top right, for example, will cause the eye to move from one spiral, to the other, and everything in between. It is indicating movement by the repetition of elements. Rhythm can make an artwork seem active.
Other Art Fundamentals
Of course, there are other art fundamentals other than the elements and principles that every artist should understand and implement. These include, but are not limited to composition, contrast, dominance, content implementation, aesthetics, art criticism, and symbolism.
Composition - The way visual elements are positioned in a work of art. Composition is highly dependent on the use of the principles of art.
Contrast - refers to difference between elements or subjects within a work of art. Contrast can be created through variety within the elements of art. (i.e. value, color, texture) Contrast can be used to create a focal point or area of interest in an artwork.
Dominance - refers to one area of a work of art that is visually heavier demanding more attention. Dominance is closely related to emphasis.
Content- refers to the message or meaning within an artwork.
Aesthetics - refers to the artwork's visual attraction or beauty.
Art Criticism - An organized approach to evaluating artwork.
Symbolism - Using visual objects or arrangements to represent