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II. Speaking exercises:

Exercise 2 (suggested questions )

1. What is"the art of giving form to signs in an expressive, harmonious and skillful manner"?

2. What do the fine arts commonly include today ?

3.Why is each print often signed and numbered forming a "limited edition."in modern times?

III. Writing exercises:

Exercise 1.

Historically, the five greater fine arts were painting, sculpture, architecture, music and poetry, with minor arts including drama and dancing. Today, the fine arts commonly include the visual art and performing art forms, such as painting, sculpture, collage, decollage, assemblage, installation, calligraphy, music, dance, theatre, architecture, film, photography, conceptual art, and printmaking. However, in some institutes of learning or in museums fine art, and frequently the term fine arts (pl.) as well, are associated exclusively with visual art forms.

Lesson 7

I. Reading exercises:

Exercise 3.

1. Modern Western theatre is dominated by realism, including drama and comedy.

2. Fine arts film is a term that encompasses motion pictures and the field of film as a fine art form.

3. An independent film (or indie film) is a film initially produced without financing or distribution from a major movie studio.

4. Architectural works are perceived as cultural and political symbols and works of art.

Exercise 4.

Modern Western theatre is dominated by realism, including drama and comedy. Another popular Western form is musical theatre. Classical forms of theatre, including Greek and Roman drama, classic English drama including Shakespeare and Marlowe and French theater including Molière is still performed today. In addition, performances of classic Eastern forms such as Noh and Kabuki can be found in the West, although with less frequency.

II. Speaking exercises:

Exercise 2 (suggested questions )

1. How may many sculptures together in a garden setting be referred to?

2. What is conceptual art?

3. Why have some films become popular worldwide attractions?

III. Writing exercises:

Exercise 1.

Sculpture is three-dimensional artwork created by shaping hard or plastic material, commonly stone (either rock or marble), metal, or wood. Some sculptures are created directly by carving; others are assembled, built up and fired, welded, molded, or cast. Because sculpture involves the use of materials that can be moulded or modulated, it is considered one of the plastic arts.

Lesson 8

I. Reading exercises:

Exercise 3.

1. The visual arts are art forms that create works which are primarily visual in nature.

2 Art schools made a distinction between the fine arts and the crafts.

3. Drawing is a means of making an image, using any of a wide variety of tools and techniques.

4. Like drawing, painting has its origins in caves and on rock faces.

Exercise 4.

Drawing is a means of making an image, using any of a wide variety of tools and techniques. It generally involves making marks on a surface by applying pressure from a tool, or moving a tool across a surface using dry media such as graphite pencils, pen and ink, inked brushes, wax color pencils, crayons, charcoals, pastels, and markers. Digital tools which simulate the effects of these are also used. The main techniques used in drawing are: line drawing, hatching, crosshatching, random hatching, scribbling, stippling, and blending. An artist who excels in drawing is referred to as a draftsman or draughtsman.