III. Writing exercises:

Exercise 1.

Proportion is a measurement of the size and quantity of elements within a composition. In ancient arts, proportions of forms were enlarged to show importance. This is why Egyptian gods and political figures appear so much larger than common people. The ancient Greeks found fame with their accurately-proportioned sculptures of the human form. Beginning with the Renaissance, artists recognized the connection between proportion and the illusion of 3-dimensional space.

Lesson 5

I. Reading exercises:

Exercise 3.

1. World literature is conceptually similar to world cinema, world art, world history and world music.

2. Renaissance Literature refers to the period in European literature that began in Italy during the 14th century and spread around Europe through the 17th century.

3. In the Renaissance, the focus on learning for learning's sake causes an outpouring of literature.

4. English literature is as diverse as the varieties and dialects of English spoken around the world.

Exercise 4.

Renaissance Literature refers to the period in European literature that began in Italy during the 14th century and spread around Europe through the 17th century. The impact of the Renaissance varied across the continent; countries that were predominantly Catholic or Protestant experienced the Renaissance differently compared to areas where the Orthodox Church was dominant as reflecting on its culture, as well as those areas of Europe under Islamic rule.

II. Speaking exercises:

Exercise 2 (suggested questions )

1. What does world literature refer to?

2. What is English literature?

3. What encouraged authors to write in the local vernacular rather than in Greek or Latin classical languages?

III. Writing exercises:

Exercise 1.

English literature is the literature written in the English language, including literature composed in English by writers not necessarily from England; for example, Robert Burns was Scottish, James Joyce was Irish, Joseph Conrad was Polish, Dylan Thomas was Welsh, Edgar Allan Poe was American, J. R. R. Tolkien was born in the Orange Free State, V.S. Naipaul was born in Trinidad, and Vladimir Nabokov was Russian, but all are considered important writers in the history of English literature.

Lesson 6

I. Reading exercises:

Exercise 3.

1. An illustration is a visualization such as a drawing, painting, photograph or other work of art that stresses subject more than form.

2. Drawing is a form of visual expression and is one of the major forms within the visual arts.

3. Comics are a graphic medium in which images are utilized in order to convey a sequential narrative

4. Mosaics are images formed with small pieces of stone or glass, called tesserae.

Exercise 4.

Printmaking is the process of making artworks by printing, normally on paper. Except in the case of mono- typing, the process is capable of producing multiples of the same piece, which is called a print. Each print is considered an original, as opposed to a copy. The reasoning behind this is that the print is not a reproduction of another work of art in a different medium — for instance a painting — but rather an image designed from inception as a print.