- •Contents
- •Module 1. Text 1: Materials that are used in the textile industry
- •Text 2: Textile fiber
- •Text 3: The main characteristic features of fibers
- •Text 4: The classification of fibers. Natural fibers and synthetic ones
- •Text 5: The types of textile fibers
- •Text 6: Natural plant fibers
- •Text 7: Cotton. The main properties of Cotton
- •Text 8: Particular climate conditions for cotton growing
- •Text 9: The history of Cotton
- •Text 10: Widespread usage of Cotton in the world
- •Text 11: The usage of Cotton. The stages of Cotton processing
- •Module 2. Text 1: Flax
- •Text 2: Why is flax the most expensive fiber in the textile industry
- •Text 3: The history of Flax
- •Text 4: The stages of processing of flax fibers
- •Task 5. Retell the text “Flax Harvesting”.
- •Text 5: The usage of linen in the manufacture of different goods
- •Module 3. Text 1: Natural animal fibers
- •Text 2: The properties of natural animal fibers
- •Text 3: Wool
- •Text 4: The properties of wool fibers. The ways of obtaining wool
- •Text 5: The history of wool
- •Text 6: Widespread usage of Wool in the clothes production
- •Module 4. Text 1: Silk
- •Text 2: The history of silk
- •Text 3: The properties of Silk
- •Text 4: Other fibers of animal origin
- •Text 5: The usage of silk fibers in the production of different goods
- •Supplementary reading chemical fibres
- •Check your progress
- •Conditional sentences
Text 6: Widespread usage of Wool in the clothes production
Task 1. What is wool used for? Read the text and answer the questions.
Wool is perhaps the most useful of all fibres. It is a warm fibre and thus particularly suitable for outer clothing and underwear. Its main properties are:
1) It is hard wearing and absorbs moisture.
2) It does not burn over a flame but smoulders instead.
3) It is lightweight and versatile.
4) Wool does not wrinkle easily.
5) It is resistant to dirt and wear and tear.
Wool is used to make sweaters, dresses, coats, suits, jackets, pants and the lining of boots. It can also be made into blankets and carpets. Global wool production is approximately 1.3 million tonnes per year, of which 60% goes into apparel. Australia is the leading producer of wool which is mostly from Merino sheep. New Zealand is the second-largest producer of wool, and the largest producer of crossbred wool. China is the third-largest producer of wool. Organic wool is becoming more and more popular. This wool is very limited in supply and much of it comes from New Zealand and Australia. It is becoming easier to find in clothing and other products, but these products often carry a higher price. There is also a thriving home-flock contingent of small-scale farmers who raise small hobby flocks of specialty sheep for the hand spinning market. These small-scale farmers offer a wide selection of fleece. In addition to clothing, wool has been used for blankets, horse rugs, saddle cloths, carpeting, felt, wool insulation and upholstery.
In July, the annual Australian Sheep and Wool Show is held in Bendigo, Victoria. This is the largest sheep and wool show in the world, with goats and alpacas as well as woolcraft competitions and displays, fleece competitions, sheepdog trials, shearing, and wool handling. The largest competition in the world for objectively-measured fleeces is the Australian Fleece Competition, which is held annually at Bendigo.
1) Why is wool one of the most useful in the world?
2) What are the qualities of wool?
3) What is global wool production?
4) What are the pros and sons of organic wool?
5) What usually happens in July in Bendigo, Victoria?
6) What is wool used for?
Task 2. Retell the text using the plan.
Wool main properties;
Global wool production;
Products made from wool;
The leading producer of wool;
Sheep and wool show;
Your attitude to wool.
Task 3. Open the brackets using Future-in-the-Past.
1) I was sure he (to agree) with me.
2) I knew you (not to help) him.
3) He promised he (to send) a plan from Egypt.
4) They stated that the mass production of wool (to increase).
5) They said they (to arrange) to buy sheep the following week.
6) I understood they (not to repair) the rollers.
7) …you (to do) what he ordered?
8) The memory of that day (to stay) with me for many years.
9) In 1907, he moved to Scotland, where he would spend the rest of his life.
10) They were sure I (to do) well at the procedure.
Task 4. Open the brackets using Future Continuous Tense.
1) In one week they (to shear) sheep. 2) Tomorrow she (not to sort) fleece because she is going to Edinburgh. 3) Next month the farmers (to grade) wool. 4) Tomorrow at 5 p.m. I (not to card) wool. 5) …they (to delete) all the impurities? 6) …the workers (to crab) the woolen fabric in several days?