Phenoxymethylpenicillin

Phenoxymethylpenicillin is a phenoxymethylpenicillinum acid produced by Penicillium notatum or related organisms, or obtained by other methods and possessing an antimicrobial action.

Activity. The preparation should contain not less than 1,600 Units of activity (UA) per mg. One action UA is equivalent to the specific activity of 0.00059 mg of chemical pure crystalline phenoxymethylpenicillin acid. Theoretical activity of crystalline phenoxymethylpenicillin is 1,695 UA mg.

Description and Properties. A white crystalline powder, without any odour, of acid-bitter taste, non-hydroscopic. But sparingly soluble in methyl and ethyl alcohols, acetone, chloroforms, butyl acetate and glycerin. It is stable in a weak acid medium. It decomposes readily on boiling in alkaline solutions, and under the action of oxidizing and penicillinase, a specific enzyme. It is resistant to the action of sunlight.

Test for Identity. Place a few crystals of the preparation on a slide or into a porcelain dish, add 1 drop of the solution, consisting of 1 ml of 1 N solution of hydroxylamine hydrochloride and 0.3 ml of 1 N solution of sodium hydroxide. In 2-3 minutes add 1 drop of 1 N solution of acetic acid to the mixture, mix thoroughly and then add 1 drop of copper nitrate solution; a green precipitate falls out.

Test for Purity. pH of 0.5 per cent aqueous suspension is 2.4-4.0 (determined potentiometrically). Dry about 2 g of the preparation (accurately weighed) in a vacuum drying oven at a temperature of 60° and a residual pressure not over 5 mm Hg. for 3 hours. The loss of weight should be not over 15 per cent.

Absorption Index. Dissolve 0.09-0.1 g of the preparation (accurately weighed) in 4 ml of a 5 per cent solution of sodium hydrocarbonate, dilute with water to make 500 ml and determine the optic density (D) at a wave length of 268 nil and at a wave length of 274.4 ml of 5 per cent solution of sodium hydrocarbonate diluted with water to 500 ml serves as the control solution.

The ratio of D at a wave length of 268 ml and at a wave length of 274 should be not less than 1.21 and not more than 1.24.

Packing. The preparation is dispensed in glass containers well -stoppered or in polyethylene packets, weighing from 0.5 kg and more.

Storage. With precautions (list B) in a place at room temperature. Period of validity - 2 years maximum, single dose 400,000 UA. Maximum daily dose 1,200,000 UA.

Вправа 8. Дайте відповіді на запитання до тексту.

1. What are the properties of phenoxymethylpenicillin?

2. How is the test for purity conducted?

3. In what form is the preparation dispensed?

4. How is the preparation stored?

5. What is the period of validity?

Вправа 9. Перекладіть на англійську мову.

1. Препарат швидко розпадається при кип’ятінні у лужному

розчині.

2. Ліки зберігають у сухому місці при кімнатній температурі.

3. Втрата ваги препарату не повинна перевищувати 15 %.

Вправа 10. Утворити дієслова з протилежною дією за допомогою префіксів а) de- та б) dis та перекладіть їх.

а) acidify, form, calcify, chlorinate

б) colour, continue, like, arrange.

Варіант 7

Вправа 1. Визначте видо-часову форму і стан дієслова-присудка, дайте його початкову форму. Перекладіть речення.

1. Methazid is used in all forms of pulmonary tuberculosis in children

and adults.

2. People have cultivated corn for many thousands of years.

3. D.I. Mendeleev arranged elements according to a definite system.

4. They will be studying these elements all day long tomorrow.

5. N.D. Zelinsky has elaborated new methods for synthesizing a large

number of new compounds.

Вправа 2. Перекладіть наступні речення, звертаючи увагу на зворот there + to be.

1. There are 4 independent systems of control over medicinal

preparations.

2. There are many varieties of plants used for many purposes.

3. There is usually good tolerance to the drug.

Вправа 3. Перекладіть речення на українську мову, звертаючи увагу на переклад Participle I та Participle II.

1. The chief naturally occurring compound of sodium is the chloride,

which is present in sea-water.

2. Paper filters are employed in all fine operations requiring filtration.

3. Be careful while removing foreign bodies from the ear.

Вправа 4. Замініть українські слова англійськими, використовуючи Participle I чи Participle II. Перекладіть словосполучення.

(зібрані) flowers

the substances (існуючі) on the earth

(описана) experimental technique

(кипляча) water

(супроводжуючі) symptoms

Вправа 5. Вставити складні прийменники та перекласти речення.

Due to, by means of, in addition to

1. ... the common sugars there are some relatively rare desoxy sugars.

2. Some of the microorganisms may persist ... development of secondary resistance.

3. Ginseng glycosides are obtained ... precipitation with ether from the hot alcoholic extracts of the root.

Вправа 6. Підкреcліть модальне дієслово або його еквівалент, перекладіть речення.

1. If you have a bad headache, you should take some medicine.

2. In this case nothing can be done.

3. To fight against any infectious disease successfully, a doctor must know its origin.

4. During lengthy use different complications may develop, such as vertigo, paresthesia, dysuric symptoms.

5. I think he will be able to make an experiment with acids.

Вправа 7. Перекладіть текст.

Pyramidon.

Description and properties - White crystals or a white crystals line powder with a hardly noticeable yellowish tinge, odorless, or a taste faintly bitter. Slowly soluble in 20 parts of water, in 2 parts of alcohol, soluble in ether, readily soluble in chloroform.

Tests for identity. Add 2 drops of ferric chloride solution to 2 ml of pyramidon solution (1:25), at first a transitory blue coloration is produced, and a brownish flaky precipitate. Acidify the obtained liquid with several drops of dilute hydrochloric acid; an intense blue-violet coloration is produced. Mix 2 ml of pyramidon solution and 1 ml of silver nitrate solution; at first a blue-violet coloration appears and then a gray powdery precipitate falls out. Melting point is 107-109°C.

Tests for Purity. A solution of the precipitate (1:25) should be transparent, colorless and of a weak alkaline reaction. 6 ml of the same solution, acidified with 1 ml of dilute sulfuric acid, should not give reactions for chlorides. Shake 1 ml of the preparation with 5 ml of hot water for 1 minute. Cool and filter the solution, rinse the filter with 2 ml of water, add 10 ml of an aqueous benzaldehyde solution, stir, and permit to stand for 5 minutes, compare with standard prepared of 10 ml of the turbidity standard No.3. The turbidity formed in the tested solution should not exceed the standard (aminoantipyrin). Sulfate ash of 0.5 g of the preparation should not exceed 0.1 per cent and should not contain more heavy metals then 10 ml of the standard solution, i.e. not more than 0,001 per cent in the preparation.

Assay. Dissolve when stirring about 0.5 g of the preparation (accurately weighed) in 20 ml of freshly boiled and cooled water, add 3 drops of freshly prepared mixed indicator (methyl orange solution and methylene blue solution 3:2) and titrate with 0.5 N hydrochloric acid solution form a semi-microburette to the coloration of the control 125 ml of freshly boiled cooled water, (0.05 ml of 0.5 N hydrochloric acid solution, and 3 drops of mixed indicator). Subtract 0.05 ml of .,5 N hydrochloric acid used in the control test from the number of millilitres of 0.5 N hydrochloric acid solution spent for the titration is equivalent to 0.1156 g of amidopirin. Its contents in the preparation should be not less than 99.0 per cent.

Storage with precautions (list B) in well-stoppered jars, in a place protected from light. Maximum single dose 0.5 g. Maximum daily dose 1.5 g.

Вправа 8. Дайте відповіді на запитання до тексту.

1. What is pyramidon?

2. What tests for identity are used?

3. What kind of solution should be the precipitate?

4. What kind of turbidity should be formed in the tested solution?

5. How is the preparation stored?

Вправа 9. Перекладіть на англійську мову.

1. Розчинити під час помішування близько 0,5 г препарату (ретельно

зважте його) в 20 мл охолодженої кип’яченої води.

2. Пірамідон - це білі кристали з ледве помітним жовтуватим

відтінком.

3. Змішайте 2 мл розчину пірамідону та 1 мл розчину срібного

нітрату.

Вправа 10. Утворити дієслова з протилежною дією за допомогою префіксів та перекладіть їх.

à) de- : compose, saturate, hydrate, carbonize

á) dis- : comfort, appear, able, agree.

Варіант 8

Вправа 1. Визначте видо-часову форму і стан дієслова-присудка, дайте його початкову форму. Перекладіть речення.

1. The chemist will have estimated the molecular weights of these

proteins by 10 o’clock.

2. They solved that problem two years ago.

3. The herbs are collected mostly during the period of full flowering.

4. A major advance in chromatography was introduced by the

development of synthetic ion exchange resins.

5. Chemical research for obtaining new compounds of carbohydrates is

proceeding more rapidly at present.

Вправа 2. Перекладіть наступні речення, звертаючи увагу на зворот there + to be.

1. At present there is some successful treatment of carcinomas.

2. There are indications of the use of ginseng also in the treatment of

diabetes, tuberculosis, etc.

3. There is a renewed interest in the constituents of digitalis in recent years.

Вправа 3. Перекладіть речення на українську мову, звертаючи увагу на переклад Participle I та Participle II.

1. Most anthocyanins are 3 : 5 diglucosides of the corresponding cyanidins.

2. The macerated drug is moistened with water and mixed with lime.

3. The solutions used for the extraction were in each case freshly distilled.

Вправа 4. Замініть українські слова англійськими, використовуючи Participle I чи Participle II. Перекладіть словосполучення.

(згущений) precipitate

(приготований) semisynthetic penicillins

(ведучий) scientist

(добре зроблений) experiment

steam (що підіймається) from the tea-nettle

Вправа 5. Вставити складні прийменники та перекласти речення.

In order to, as to, due to

1. ... ginseng, it is well known that its roots produce a stimulating action

and do not disturb sleep.

2. Slowing of the cardiac rate occurs only when the rate was originally

rapid ... the failure.

3. ... determine acrylamide in potable water, a method of analysis is

required.

Вправа 6. Підкреcліть модальне дієслово або його еквівалент, перекладіть речення.

1. It is only in the presence of oxygen that aerobic microorganisms may

multiply rapidly.

2. The medicine can be made up in the evening.

3. We couldn’t get this medicine anywhere.

4. As your sister caught a cold she has to stay in bed.

5. The procedures are to be performed daily or more often in case the need

arises.

Вправа 7. Перекладіть текст.