Ramshackle adj – (especially of a house or vehicle) in a state of severe disrepair: a ramshackle cottage Recess - small space created by building part of a wall further back from the rest.

S

Sovereignty – the possession or exercise of full control by a government over a territorial or area or limit.

T

Television (TV) - a widely used telecommunication medium for transmitting and receiving moving images, either monochromatic ("black and white") or color, usually accompanied by sound.

Tabloid - a newspaper of small format giving the news in condensed form, usually with illustrated, often sensational material.

Treaty - binding agreement between states.

Tile - a thin rectangular slab of baked clay or other material, used in overlapping rows for covering roofs. A thin square slab of glazed pottery or other material for covering floors, walls, or other surfaces.

U

Universal Design - isn't merely about designing for the disabled. It means creating spaces that meet the needs of all people, young and old, abled and disabled. From the arrangment of the rooms to the choice of colors, many details go into the creation of accessible spaces. 

W

Wiggly V – move or cause to move up and down or from side to side with small rapid movements

X

Xenophobia - a fear of foreigners, of persons from other countries or of things foreign generally. Xenophobia can lead to discrimination, racism, violence and even armed conflict against foreigners.

Z

Zigzag n - a line or course having abrupt alternate right and left turns: she traced a zigzag on the metal with her finger

3. Конспект практических занятий

II TERM.

Unit 1.

Text: Education in Britain

Grammar: The Present Perfect Tense.

Практические цели: ознакомление с лексическим материалом по теме « Education in Britain», развитие умений и навыков разговорной речи по теме «Education», введение и тренировка грамматической темы The Present Perfect Tense, развитие навыков монологической речи по теме.

The Five Ages of Education.

British education has many different faces, but one goal. Its aim is to realize the potential of all, for good of the individual and society as a whole.

1. Around hall of 3-and 4-year-olds in Britain receive nursery education, and many other children attend pre-school playgroups, mostly organized by parents. Children of nursery age need care as well as education , however , and it is not just their mental requirements, but social , emotional and physical needs that must be met. In nursery schools , qualified teachers, usually primary teachers with a nursery teaching qualification, work alongside helpers and nursery nurses to achieve this.

2. Compulsory primary education begins at the age of 5 in England, Wales and Scotland, and 4 in Northern Ireland. Children usually start their school career in an infant school and move a junior school or department at age 7. In some parts of the country , though , children begin at a first school at age 5, and move on to a middle school at age 8,9 or 10. Primary schools vary in size and location, some having as few as two teachers and others as many as 30.

Subjects covered include English mathematics and science, along with technology, history, geography, music, art, and physical education.

At 7 and 11 years old (and a secondary school, at 14 and 16) teachers measure children’s progress in each subject against attainment targets. In English, for instance, there are five basic targets: speaking and listening: reading: writing: spelling and handwriting.

3. In Britain, most children of compulsory secondary school age (11 to 16) receive free education financed from public funds. This may be a comprehensive ( mixed ability) or a grammar school. A small proportion attend private or independent schools, not financed by the state. The large majority of schools teach both boys and girls together . The school year in England and Wales normally begins in September and continues into the following July, in Scotland, it runs from August to June and in Northern Ireland from September to June.

4.All Britain’s universities enjoy complete academic freedom. They appoint their own staff and decide what and how to teach. First degree courses usually last three or four years.

The Open University is a little different, because it relies on distance learning.

England and Wales’s 34 polytechnics tend to be more vocationally –orientated than universities , providing degree and subdegree vocational courses as well as traditional academic degree courses. Many polytechnics have close links with business, and many students have jobs and attend part-time. For those without standard entry qualifications, access and foundation courses can provide a way in to higher education. The number of access courses in Britain is increasing rapidly.

5.Education doesn’t stop with leaving school. Further education in particular is learning which, with its strong ties with commerce and industry, is vital in the effort to keep Britain economically competitive.

Over 500 colleges of further education run courses on everything from catering to business studies. Most further education courses are vocational, but many colleges offer more academic courses, such as GCSEs and A levels. Students may attend college part- time, day by day or block release from their jobs or in the evening. The new National Vocational Qualifications, based on standards of competence set by industry, are designed to ensure the relevance of vocational qualifications to employers. They are based on defined levels of attainment, to which qualifications can be assigned.

Topical vocabulary

1. phasing -in поэтапное введение

2. curriculum учебный план

3. around приблизительно

4. nursery детский сад

5. alongside рядом с

6. primary начальное обучение

7. infant school дошкольное заведение

8. junior school младшие классы (средней школы)

9. to vary отличаться

10.as few as всего

11.to cover охватывать

12.science естественные науки

13.to measure оценивать, определять

14.attainment достижения

15.target цель

16.handwriting почерк, каллиграфия

17.to acquire приобретать

18.to broaden расширять

19.range диапазон

20.to demand требовать

21.content содержание

22.vocational профессиональный

23.artificial искусственный

24.non graduate студент последнего курса

25.bachelor бакалавр

26.to tend иметь тенденцию

27.to appoint назначать

28.vital насущный

29.full-time student студент очного отделения отделения

30.to ensure обеспечить

Ex.1. Suggest the Russian for:

1. infant school

2. to vary

3. as few as

4. to measure

5. attainment

6. target

7. to cover

8. science

9. to acquire

10. handwriting

11. to tend

12. to demand

13. content

14. vocational

Ex.2. Match the words and phrases in column A with those in column B.

A B

1. graduate a) достижения

2. to vary b) всего

3. non-graduate c) оценивать

4. vocational d) расширять

5. attainment e) отличаться

6. to measure f) насущный

7. to broaden g) обеспечить

8. as few as h) профессиональный

9. vital i) студент последнего курса

Ex.3. Complete this description of a typical school education.

Age.

3 Some children go to …………. school.

5 Everyone starts ………………… school.

11 Children go on to ………………. School. Some of these are called

grammar schools, others are called ………. i.e. with mixed

ability.

16 By Law, children can ………. School at this ago and …….. a

job, but many ……….. at school for two more years.

18 If they pass their exams, many ………… to university.

Ex.4. True or false ? If the sentence is false, change it to make true.

1. In England public schools are the same as state schools.

2. Children at school are called ‘pupil’s.

3. In British schools PE is short for ‘practical education’.

4. In Britain, the academic year if usually divided into two terms.

5. The working day is divided into lessons, with morning and

afternoon breaks.

6. The plan for each day’s work is called the school schedule.

Ex.5 . Make up questions to which the following questions might be the answers:

1. In nursery schools work, qualified teachers, usually primary teachers alongside helpers and nursery nurses.

2. In Britain most children of secondary school age receive free education financial from public funds.

3. The most of schools teach both boys and girls together.

4. Breaking down the artificial barriers between education and business is an important Government aim.

5. Pupils of all age take part in workplace activities .

6. Many polytechnics have close links with in workplace.

Ex.6.Make a conversation based on the text, using the questions.

1. What’s the aim of British education?

2. At what age do children go to nursery education?

3. What age to they start primary school?

4. What stages does the primary education ?

5. What subjects does the curriculum include?

6. When do teachers measure children’s progress in each subject?

7. At what school do children study at the age of 11?

8. How long does their school year last?

9. When is the main school GCSE- examination taken?

10. What happens if children fail all the exams they take at the age of 16?

11. What can they do if they pass all their exams for levels at the age of 18?

12. What content do further education courses include?

Grammar: The Present Perfect Tense.

Affirmative	Negative	Interrogative
I have worked He has worked She has worked It has worked We have worked You have worked They have worked	I I have not worked He has not worked She has not worked It has not worked We have not worked You have not worked They have not worked	Have I worked? Has he worked? Has she worked? Has it worked? Have we worked? Have you worked? Have they worked?