Particular – певний, специфічний

III. Complete the sentences using information from the text.

1. The actual accumulation and interpretation of data may be classified into three areas: ____ accounting, ____ accounting, and ____ accounting.

2. In addition to the "operating" areas of accounting, we find accountants performing ____, rendering all sorts of ____ ____, preparing and implementing ____, designing and installing ____ ____, providing countless ____ ____ services, and making special investigations of all sorts.

3. Financial accounting deals with the____, ____, and ____developed within a business enterprise primarily for the purpose of accountability.

4. The management of a firm must account in varying degrees to a number of groups, including the____, the ____, the ____, the prospective_____, and numerous governmental____.

5. Managerial accounting deals with the use of accounting data for ____ purposes.

6. Analysis of financial statements, funds-flow, standard cost systems, and special cost concepts for decision making are a few ____ ____ topics.

7. ____ ____systems are generally an integral part of the financial accounting system set up to provide cost data for a variety of purposes.

IV. Match each term in the left column with the definition in the right column:

Financial accounting deals with the determination of the cost of goods produced.

Managerial accounting deals with the systems, records, and reports developed within a business enterprise primarily for the purpose of

accountability.

Cost accounting deals with the use of accounting data for management purposes.

V. Answer the questions after the text:

1. What are the areas for the actual accumulation and interpretation of accounting data?

2. What does the financial accounting deal with?

3. The accounting for assets, liabilities, revenues, expenses, and owners’ equity is concerned primarily with financial accounting, isn’t it?

4. What area of accounting deals with the use of data for management purposes?

5. What are the managerial accounting topics?

6. Are cost accounting systems generally a main part of the financial accounting system?

7. For what do the cost accounting systems set up?

What kinds of people make good accountants?

I. Read the following words:

Arithmetic, comprehension, genius, calculator, disentangle, coherent, to acquire, crucial, extraordinarily, paradoxically, conformist, colleague, personnel.

I. Read the text to find out the qualities that make people good accountants.

You are unlikely to make a good accountant if you think that arithmetic and maths are beyond your comprehension. But that does not mean that mathematical geniuses make the best accountants. They almost certainly do not, as you have to be interested in other things besides figures and calculations. If you are reasonably at home with basic mathematical concepts, and know how to use a calculator, that should be sufficient.

Another important quality is the ability to think clearly, and keep track of many different strands in what may be a confused mass of figures. If you can keep hold of the various strands, and disentangle them so as to present a coherent picture that is consistent, you should be able to acquire the necessary techniques for compiling and presenting accounts. A liking of crosswords and other puzzles is probably a good indication of analytical skills which are crucial for accountants.

Then you must be able to put down your thoughts and conclusions simply and clearly, so that they can be understood not only by other accountants, but also clients or management without accountancy training. All the accountancy qualifications lay great stress on this skill, perhaps because it is rather unexpected. Figures alone are no use, but it is essential for the message they carry to be communicated properly.

Traditions are known to die hard in most professions, and accountancy is no exception as far as appearance is concerned. You are most likely to be expected to wear a suit at work rather than jeans and a sweat-shirt, and you would have to be extraordinarily brilliant or self-assured, to get away with spiky hair in an office. But paradoxically, good accountants should not be too conformist in their thinking. They have to know their own mind and have confidence in their professional judgement. It is essential that the advice they give should be impartial like their accounts. They should not be swayed by what their clients may want to hear.

In a word, it is not easy to put the qualities of a good accountant in a nutshell. Some of them are inborn, others must be acquired by education and experience. Among the most important of that sort of qualities are the following: a good knowledge of accounting and the ability to apply its principles in practical life; a broad general outlook and understanding of economic trends and events; responsibility, decision-making ability, the knowledge of accounting techniques; the ability to get on with colleagues, personnel and people in general.

Comments:

comprehension – розуміння

figure [f] – цифра

basic mathematical concepts – основні математичні поняття

reasonably – розумно, прийнятно

sufficient – достатній, обґрунтований

to keep track – відслідковувати

strand – нитка, напрямок

to disentangle – виплутувати, звільняти

crucial – ключовий, значущий, важливий

confidence – впевненість

professional judgement – професійна думка (оцінка, погляд)

a sweat-shirt – бавовняна трикотажна сорочка

self-assured – самовпевнений syn. self-confident

spiky [spak] hair – кудлате волосся

be swayed – бути під впливом