- •Передмова
- •I. Introduction into modern accounting accounting
- •I. Practice in reading these words and word-combinations:
- •II. Read the text.
- •III. Answer the questions based upon the text.
- •IV. Choose the necessary word and put it in the sentence.
- •Conversation in a company cafe
- •Read the dialogue in pairs. Be ready to dramatize it with you group mates.
- •II. Imagine that you work as an accountant in a big enterprise. Answer the following questions
- •III. Make up the dialogue about accounting:
- •IV. Translate from Ukrainian into English.
- •The accounting profession
- •I. Practice in reading these words and word-combinations:
- •II. Read the text to find out the main features of accounting profession.
- •III. Use the information from the text to complete the sentences.
- •IV. Answer the questions based on the text given below:
- •Fields of accounting
- •I. Practice in reading these words and word-combinations:
- •II. Read the text to learn about the main fields of accounting.
- •III. Use the information from the text to complete the sentences.
- •IV. Answer the questions after the text
- •Functions of accounting
- •I. Practice in reading these words and word-combinations:
- •II. Read the text to find out the functions of accounting and bookkeeping.
- •III. Complete the sentences using information from the text.
- •IV. Answer the questions after the text.
- •Areas of accounting
- •I. Practice in reading these words and word-combinations:
- •II. Read the text to find out the areas of accounting and their scope of activity.
- •Particular – певний, специфічний
- •III. Complete the sentences using information from the text.
- •IV. Match each term in the left column with the definition in the right column:
- •V. Answer the questions after the text:
- •What kinds of people make good accountants?
- •I. Read the following words:
- •I. Read the text to find out the qualities that make people good accountants.
- •II. Answer the following questions:
- •III. Join the following pairs of sentences by using:
- •IV. What particular skills do you think different kinds of accountants need?
- •V. Write a brief description of the qualities needed for the accountant's job so that they are mentioned in order of importance, using the following word-combinations:
- •What is the difference bitween bookkeeping and accounting?
- •I. Practice in reading these words:
- •II. Read the text to find out the differences between the terms “accountant” and “bookkeeper”.
- •Comments
- •II. Answer the following questions:
- •II. The nature and purpose of accounting the main users of accounting information
- •I. Read the following words and word-combinations:
- •II. Read the text to find out the needs of different users.
- •Comments
- •V. Answer the following questions:
- •Desirable qualities of financial information
- •I. Practice in reading these words and word-combinations:
- •II. Read the text to find out what sort of qualities accounting information should possess to be useful for users.
- •IV. Rearrange the following sentences to make a text.
- •V. Read the text again to answer the following questions:
- •The types and the titles of accounts
- •I. Practice in reading these words and word-combinations:
- •II. Read the text to find out what sort of accounts different companies have.
- •V. Use the information from the text to complete the sentences.
- •VI. Read the text again to answer the following questions.
- •The ledger – the main book of accountants
- •I. Practice in reading these words and word-combinations:
- •II. Read the text to find out the information about the history of the ledger appearance and its usage in the accounting practice.
- •III. Rearrange the following sentences to make a text.
- •IV. Use the information from the text to complete the sentences.
- •V. Read the text again to answer the following questions:
- •Accountancy in a free-market economy
- •I. Read the dialogue in pairs. Be ready to dramatize it with your group mates.
- •III. The double-entry system the double entry system – the basic method of accounting
- •I. Practice in reading these words and word-combinations:
- •II. Read the text to find out: 1) when the double-entry system was introduced in Britain and what its significance for accounting practices was; 2) what enterprise in Russia used this system first.
- •VI. Read the first paragraph of the text again to decide which of the following statements best expresses its main idea.
- •V. Read paragraph 2, then complete the following statements.
- •Accounting systems
- •I. Practice in reading these words and word-combinations:
- •II. Read the text to find out what factors influence the choice of an accounting system.
- •IV. Read paragraph 1 again. Which of these phrases best serves as a title for it?
- •VI. Read the text again to answer the following questions.
- •IV. Financial statements accounting communication through financial statements
- •I. Practice in reading these words and word-combinations:
- •II. Read the text to find out through what financial statements accounting information is communicated to users.
- •IV. The following sentences are a summary of paragraph 1, but all its statements are in a mess. Put them into a logical order.
- •VI. Answer the following questions.
- •Financial statements analysis
- •I. Practice in reading these words and word-combinations:
- •I. Read the text to find out why the past and present information is important for future decisions.
- •III. Here are six statements about the text. Some of them are true and some are false. Read each statement and then check the text quickly whether it is true. Do one at a time.
- •Accounts and balance sheets
- •I. Read the following words and word-combinations:
- •The balance sheet
- •I. Read the following words and word-combinations:
- •II. Read the text to find out the basic components of a balance sheet.
- •A bank accountant's job
- •I. Read the dialogue in pairs. Be ready to dramatize it with your group mates.
- •Discussion
- •V. Auditing what is auditing
- •I. Answer the questions to part I:
- •I. Answer the questions to part II:
- •I. Answer the questions to part III:
- •II. Find the English equivalents in the left-hand column for the following words:
- •Auditing and auditors
- •Sample auditor's unqualified opinion
- •I. Indicate whether each of the following statements is true or false.
- •II. State which of the following types of opinion an auditor should issue for each example:
- •Discussion
- •VI. Professional terms
- •Vocabulary Practice
- •The work of the accountant
- •Vocabulary to be memorized
- •To gain
- •Momentous
- •What should a modern accountant be like?
- •Vocabulary to be memorized
- •From the early history of accounting
- •Vocabulary to be memorized
- •Vocabulary to be memorized
- •The faculty of accounting and finance at birmingham university
- •Vocabulary to be memorized
- •The distinction between auditing and accountancy
- •Vocabulary to be memorized
- •The role of accounts
- •Vocabulary to be memorized
- •From the history of the double-entry system
- •Vocabulary to be memorized
- •Accounting conventions and principles
- •Vocabulary to be memorized
- •The ledger
- •Vocabulary to be memorized
- •Relationships between financial statements
- •Vocabulary to be memorized
- •A critical appraisal of the balance sheet
- •Vocabulary to be memorized
- •Professional ethics of accountants
- •Vocabulary to be memorized
- •Setting accounting and auditing standards internationally
- •Vocabulary to be memorized
- •What accounting tasks can be done with a help of a computer?
- •Vocabulary to be memorized
- •Some leading accounting organisations of great britain
- •Vocabulary to be memorized
- •Making a career in accounting
- •Vocabulary to be memorized
- •Accounting in the future
- •Vocabulary to be memorized
- •The accounting system of great britain and northern ireland: it's general regulatory scheme in relation to ukrainian accounting
- •Vocabulary to be memorized
- •Check yourself. Choose the best alternative to complete the sentence.
- •Reference literature
- •Contents
- •I. Introduction into Modern Accounting
III. Complete the sentences using information from the text.
Four major functions of ____are: recording, classifying, summarizing, and interpreting.
____ deals primarily with the recording and classifying.
Books are normally set up and maintained in a manner that will assure the orderly ____and ____of business transactions.
____includes the art of bookkeeping, but goes far beyond it.
Since bookkeeping has become greatly ____in recent years, there has been some ____in the demand for the routine bookkeeper.
Mechanization has freed the____ from the routine, time-consuming recording function.
____ the results of financial activities best distinguishes accounting from bookkeeping.
As business enterprises become increasingly complex and move to the routine of machines, the gap between ____and ____ widens.
IV. Answer the questions after the text.
What are the main functions of accounting?
With what functions does the bookkeeping deal?
Is accounting merely an art of bookkeeping?
What comes as a welcome relief to the accountant?
What function best distinguishes accounting from bookkeeping?
Why the gap between accounting and bookkeeping widens?
Bookkeepers are constantly being replaced by machines, aren’t they?
Does the demand for professional accountants continue to soar or to diminish?
Areas of accounting
I. Practice in reading these words and word-combinations:
Actual, accumulation, data, mutually, advisory service, accountability, variety of purposes, paramount, to evaluate.
II. Read the text to find out the areas of accounting and their scope of activity.
The actual accumulation and interpretation of data may be classified into three areas: financial accounting, managerial accounting, and cost accounting. These areas are not mutually exclusive but represent major areas of concentration within the overall accounting system. In addition to these three "operating" areas of accounting, we find accountants performing audits, rendering all sorts of tax services, preparing and implementing budgets, designing and installing accounting systems, providing countless management advisory services, and making special investigations of all sorts.
Financial accounting deals with the systems, records, and reports developed within a business enterprise primarily for the purpose of accountability. The management of a firm must account in varying degrees to a number of groups, including the owners, the creditors, the workers, the prospective investors, and numerous governmental agencies. This accountability is reflected by the firm's financial accounting system. Records are compiled and reports prepared to reflect the company's financial position at given times and to present the results of its operations for specified periods. The accounting for assets, liabilities, revenues, expenses, and owners’ equity is concerned primarily with financial accounting.
Managerial accounting deals with the use of accounting data for management purposes. Much of the information used by management in making critical decisions is, of course, developed from the company's financial accounting records. In other cases, however, special systems must be set up specifically to accumulate the necessary data. Analysis of financial statements, funds-flow, standard cost systems, and special cost concepts for decision making are a few managerial accounting topics.
Cost accounting systems are generally an integral part of the financial accounting system set up to provide cost data for a variety of purposes. Of paramount importance is the determination of the cost of goods produced, although cost accounting does have many uses beyond the production function. It may be used, for example, to determine the least-cost method of distributing the firm's product, or to evaluate the effectiveness of a particular operation. Emphasis in cost accounting systems is generally placed on unit cost.
Comments
financial accounting – фінансовий облік
managerial accounting – управлінський облік
cost accounting – виробничий облік
mutually – обопільно; взаємно
to render cervices – надавати послуги
to implement - виконувати
to make special investigations – проводити спеціальні дослідження
accountability – відповідальність; підзвітність; можливість підрахунку
an integral part – невід’ємна частина
paramount – вищий, першорядний
to determine – визначати, встановлювати
the determination of the cost of goods – встановлення собівартості товарів
to evaluate – оцінювати, виражати в числах