- •Передмова
- •I. Introduction into modern accounting accounting
- •I. Practice in reading these words and word-combinations:
- •II. Read the text.
- •III. Answer the questions based upon the text.
- •IV. Choose the necessary word and put it in the sentence.
- •Conversation in a company cafe
- •Read the dialogue in pairs. Be ready to dramatize it with you group mates.
- •II. Imagine that you work as an accountant in a big enterprise. Answer the following questions
- •III. Make up the dialogue about accounting:
- •IV. Translate from Ukrainian into English.
- •The accounting profession
- •I. Practice in reading these words and word-combinations:
- •II. Read the text to find out the main features of accounting profession.
- •III. Use the information from the text to complete the sentences.
- •IV. Answer the questions based on the text given below:
- •Fields of accounting
- •I. Practice in reading these words and word-combinations:
- •II. Read the text to learn about the main fields of accounting.
- •III. Use the information from the text to complete the sentences.
- •IV. Answer the questions after the text
- •Functions of accounting
- •I. Practice in reading these words and word-combinations:
- •II. Read the text to find out the functions of accounting and bookkeeping.
- •III. Complete the sentences using information from the text.
- •IV. Answer the questions after the text.
- •Areas of accounting
- •I. Practice in reading these words and word-combinations:
- •II. Read the text to find out the areas of accounting and their scope of activity.
- •Particular – певний, специфічний
- •III. Complete the sentences using information from the text.
- •IV. Match each term in the left column with the definition in the right column:
- •V. Answer the questions after the text:
- •What kinds of people make good accountants?
- •I. Read the following words:
- •I. Read the text to find out the qualities that make people good accountants.
- •II. Answer the following questions:
- •III. Join the following pairs of sentences by using:
- •IV. What particular skills do you think different kinds of accountants need?
- •V. Write a brief description of the qualities needed for the accountant's job so that they are mentioned in order of importance, using the following word-combinations:
- •What is the difference bitween bookkeeping and accounting?
- •I. Practice in reading these words:
- •II. Read the text to find out the differences between the terms “accountant” and “bookkeeper”.
- •Comments
- •II. Answer the following questions:
- •II. The nature and purpose of accounting the main users of accounting information
- •I. Read the following words and word-combinations:
- •II. Read the text to find out the needs of different users.
- •Comments
- •V. Answer the following questions:
- •Desirable qualities of financial information
- •I. Practice in reading these words and word-combinations:
- •II. Read the text to find out what sort of qualities accounting information should possess to be useful for users.
- •IV. Rearrange the following sentences to make a text.
- •V. Read the text again to answer the following questions:
- •The types and the titles of accounts
- •I. Practice in reading these words and word-combinations:
- •II. Read the text to find out what sort of accounts different companies have.
- •V. Use the information from the text to complete the sentences.
- •VI. Read the text again to answer the following questions.
- •The ledger – the main book of accountants
- •I. Practice in reading these words and word-combinations:
- •II. Read the text to find out the information about the history of the ledger appearance and its usage in the accounting practice.
- •III. Rearrange the following sentences to make a text.
- •IV. Use the information from the text to complete the sentences.
- •V. Read the text again to answer the following questions:
- •Accountancy in a free-market economy
- •I. Read the dialogue in pairs. Be ready to dramatize it with your group mates.
- •III. The double-entry system the double entry system – the basic method of accounting
- •I. Practice in reading these words and word-combinations:
- •II. Read the text to find out: 1) when the double-entry system was introduced in Britain and what its significance for accounting practices was; 2) what enterprise in Russia used this system first.
- •VI. Read the first paragraph of the text again to decide which of the following statements best expresses its main idea.
- •V. Read paragraph 2, then complete the following statements.
- •Accounting systems
- •I. Practice in reading these words and word-combinations:
- •II. Read the text to find out what factors influence the choice of an accounting system.
- •IV. Read paragraph 1 again. Which of these phrases best serves as a title for it?
- •VI. Read the text again to answer the following questions.
- •IV. Financial statements accounting communication through financial statements
- •I. Practice in reading these words and word-combinations:
- •II. Read the text to find out through what financial statements accounting information is communicated to users.
- •IV. The following sentences are a summary of paragraph 1, but all its statements are in a mess. Put them into a logical order.
- •VI. Answer the following questions.
- •Financial statements analysis
- •I. Practice in reading these words and word-combinations:
- •I. Read the text to find out why the past and present information is important for future decisions.
- •III. Here are six statements about the text. Some of them are true and some are false. Read each statement and then check the text quickly whether it is true. Do one at a time.
- •Accounts and balance sheets
- •I. Read the following words and word-combinations:
- •The balance sheet
- •I. Read the following words and word-combinations:
- •II. Read the text to find out the basic components of a balance sheet.
- •A bank accountant's job
- •I. Read the dialogue in pairs. Be ready to dramatize it with your group mates.
- •Discussion
- •V. Auditing what is auditing
- •I. Answer the questions to part I:
- •I. Answer the questions to part II:
- •I. Answer the questions to part III:
- •II. Find the English equivalents in the left-hand column for the following words:
- •Auditing and auditors
- •Sample auditor's unqualified opinion
- •I. Indicate whether each of the following statements is true or false.
- •II. State which of the following types of opinion an auditor should issue for each example:
- •Discussion
- •VI. Professional terms
- •Vocabulary Practice
- •The work of the accountant
- •Vocabulary to be memorized
- •To gain
- •Momentous
- •What should a modern accountant be like?
- •Vocabulary to be memorized
- •From the early history of accounting
- •Vocabulary to be memorized
- •Vocabulary to be memorized
- •The faculty of accounting and finance at birmingham university
- •Vocabulary to be memorized
- •The distinction between auditing and accountancy
- •Vocabulary to be memorized
- •The role of accounts
- •Vocabulary to be memorized
- •From the history of the double-entry system
- •Vocabulary to be memorized
- •Accounting conventions and principles
- •Vocabulary to be memorized
- •The ledger
- •Vocabulary to be memorized
- •Relationships between financial statements
- •Vocabulary to be memorized
- •A critical appraisal of the balance sheet
- •Vocabulary to be memorized
- •Professional ethics of accountants
- •Vocabulary to be memorized
- •Setting accounting and auditing standards internationally
- •Vocabulary to be memorized
- •What accounting tasks can be done with a help of a computer?
- •Vocabulary to be memorized
- •Some leading accounting organisations of great britain
- •Vocabulary to be memorized
- •Making a career in accounting
- •Vocabulary to be memorized
- •Accounting in the future
- •Vocabulary to be memorized
- •The accounting system of great britain and northern ireland: it's general regulatory scheme in relation to ukrainian accounting
- •Vocabulary to be memorized
- •Check yourself. Choose the best alternative to complete the sentence.
- •Reference literature
- •Contents
- •I. Introduction into Modern Accounting
What accounting tasks can be done with a help of a computer?
Vocabulary to be memorized
to add складати, додавати
analysis аналіз, complex analysis складний аналіз
bill 1 рахунок до оплати, 2 накладна
computerized accounting systems електронні бухгалтерські системи
to design конструювати, розробляти, to design new products розробляти нову продукцію
to direct направляти, управляти, давати інструкції
decision-making прийняття рішень, decision-making purposes цілі ухвалення рішень
invention винахід
enthusiastic захоплений, повний ентузіазму
exaggeration перебільшення, it would be an exaggeration to say that... було б перебільшенням говорити, що ...
to generate породжувати, створювати, виробляти
to replace замінювати
to record by hand записувати уручну
to manage the flow of economic data управляти потоком економічних даних
to negotiate agreement вести переговори про укладення договору
to send out розсилати
sets комплекти, sets of financial reports комплекти фінансових звітів
subtract віднімати
store data зберігати дані
to seek шукати, to seek objectives шукати цілі
MIS management information system системи управлінської інформації
Read the text to find out what subsystems management information systems consist of.
The computer is an electronic tool that is used to collect, organize, and communicate information. This is generally done with great speed. They say, accountants were among the earliest and most enthusiastic users of computers. Before the invention of computers the millions of transactions had been recorded by hand. It often took months to produce financial reports while now it takes days and even hours. But still it would be exaggeration to say that computers do the accountant's job. In fact, it is only an electronic tool doing routine book-keeping operations. But they make accountant's work easier and what is more important increase its efficiency.
Today computers perform a number of functions. First, they collect and store data, information and instructions. Second, they calculate and generate information from various data. Third, they control processes and machines by giving instructions. And last but not least they communicate data and information to other machines. It should be stressed that computers work at least a million times faster a human being, they never make mistakes, do not get bored and more accurate than people. That's why computerized accountancy systems are quite common these days. Many businesses can produce detailed accounts and send out bills using computer programmes. Computers may be used to generate complete sets of financial reports immediately upon the request. As it is known, they can add and subtract at the speed of light.
Since computers perform complex analyses for decision-making purposes, many businesses have got management information systems (MIS) and such systems consist of subsystems which provide information needed to ran a business. The most important of these subsystems is the accounting information system. In fact, it plays the primary role of managing the flow of economic data.
At the same time, it is fair to say that although computer systems can perform a lot of functions, there are still activities they cannot replace. These are as follows: first, directing a business to seek future objectives; second, negotiating agreements between parties and third, designing and selling new products or services.
Answer the following questions.
What is a computer used for?
Why were accountants among the earliest and most enthusiastic users of computers?
Is it right, to say that computers can do accountants' job?
In what way does a computer affect accountants' work?
How many accounting tasks can a computer perform?
What is the first function of a computer?
What other functions can computers perform in accounting?
What are the advantages of using computers in accounting?
Why have many businesses got management information systems?
What is the role of the accounting information system?
What activities are computer systems not able to perform?