- •Передмова
- •I. Introduction into modern accounting accounting
- •I. Practice in reading these words and word-combinations:
- •II. Read the text.
- •III. Answer the questions based upon the text.
- •IV. Choose the necessary word and put it in the sentence.
- •Conversation in a company cafe
- •Read the dialogue in pairs. Be ready to dramatize it with you group mates.
- •II. Imagine that you work as an accountant in a big enterprise. Answer the following questions
- •III. Make up the dialogue about accounting:
- •IV. Translate from Ukrainian into English.
- •The accounting profession
- •I. Practice in reading these words and word-combinations:
- •II. Read the text to find out the main features of accounting profession.
- •III. Use the information from the text to complete the sentences.
- •IV. Answer the questions based on the text given below:
- •Fields of accounting
- •I. Practice in reading these words and word-combinations:
- •II. Read the text to learn about the main fields of accounting.
- •III. Use the information from the text to complete the sentences.
- •IV. Answer the questions after the text
- •Functions of accounting
- •I. Practice in reading these words and word-combinations:
- •II. Read the text to find out the functions of accounting and bookkeeping.
- •III. Complete the sentences using information from the text.
- •IV. Answer the questions after the text.
- •Areas of accounting
- •I. Practice in reading these words and word-combinations:
- •II. Read the text to find out the areas of accounting and their scope of activity.
- •Particular – певний, специфічний
- •III. Complete the sentences using information from the text.
- •IV. Match each term in the left column with the definition in the right column:
- •V. Answer the questions after the text:
- •What kinds of people make good accountants?
- •I. Read the following words:
- •I. Read the text to find out the qualities that make people good accountants.
- •II. Answer the following questions:
- •III. Join the following pairs of sentences by using:
- •IV. What particular skills do you think different kinds of accountants need?
- •V. Write a brief description of the qualities needed for the accountant's job so that they are mentioned in order of importance, using the following word-combinations:
- •What is the difference bitween bookkeeping and accounting?
- •I. Practice in reading these words:
- •II. Read the text to find out the differences between the terms “accountant” and “bookkeeper”.
- •Comments
- •II. Answer the following questions:
- •II. The nature and purpose of accounting the main users of accounting information
- •I. Read the following words and word-combinations:
- •II. Read the text to find out the needs of different users.
- •Comments
- •V. Answer the following questions:
- •Desirable qualities of financial information
- •I. Practice in reading these words and word-combinations:
- •II. Read the text to find out what sort of qualities accounting information should possess to be useful for users.
- •IV. Rearrange the following sentences to make a text.
- •V. Read the text again to answer the following questions:
- •The types and the titles of accounts
- •I. Practice in reading these words and word-combinations:
- •II. Read the text to find out what sort of accounts different companies have.
- •V. Use the information from the text to complete the sentences.
- •VI. Read the text again to answer the following questions.
- •The ledger – the main book of accountants
- •I. Practice in reading these words and word-combinations:
- •II. Read the text to find out the information about the history of the ledger appearance and its usage in the accounting practice.
- •III. Rearrange the following sentences to make a text.
- •IV. Use the information from the text to complete the sentences.
- •V. Read the text again to answer the following questions:
- •Accountancy in a free-market economy
- •I. Read the dialogue in pairs. Be ready to dramatize it with your group mates.
- •III. The double-entry system the double entry system – the basic method of accounting
- •I. Practice in reading these words and word-combinations:
- •II. Read the text to find out: 1) when the double-entry system was introduced in Britain and what its significance for accounting practices was; 2) what enterprise in Russia used this system first.
- •VI. Read the first paragraph of the text again to decide which of the following statements best expresses its main idea.
- •V. Read paragraph 2, then complete the following statements.
- •Accounting systems
- •I. Practice in reading these words and word-combinations:
- •II. Read the text to find out what factors influence the choice of an accounting system.
- •IV. Read paragraph 1 again. Which of these phrases best serves as a title for it?
- •VI. Read the text again to answer the following questions.
- •IV. Financial statements accounting communication through financial statements
- •I. Practice in reading these words and word-combinations:
- •II. Read the text to find out through what financial statements accounting information is communicated to users.
- •IV. The following sentences are a summary of paragraph 1, but all its statements are in a mess. Put them into a logical order.
- •VI. Answer the following questions.
- •Financial statements analysis
- •I. Practice in reading these words and word-combinations:
- •I. Read the text to find out why the past and present information is important for future decisions.
- •III. Here are six statements about the text. Some of them are true and some are false. Read each statement and then check the text quickly whether it is true. Do one at a time.
- •Accounts and balance sheets
- •I. Read the following words and word-combinations:
- •The balance sheet
- •I. Read the following words and word-combinations:
- •II. Read the text to find out the basic components of a balance sheet.
- •A bank accountant's job
- •I. Read the dialogue in pairs. Be ready to dramatize it with your group mates.
- •Discussion
- •V. Auditing what is auditing
- •I. Answer the questions to part I:
- •I. Answer the questions to part II:
- •I. Answer the questions to part III:
- •II. Find the English equivalents in the left-hand column for the following words:
- •Auditing and auditors
- •Sample auditor's unqualified opinion
- •I. Indicate whether each of the following statements is true or false.
- •II. State which of the following types of opinion an auditor should issue for each example:
- •Discussion
- •VI. Professional terms
- •Vocabulary Practice
- •The work of the accountant
- •Vocabulary to be memorized
- •To gain
- •Momentous
- •What should a modern accountant be like?
- •Vocabulary to be memorized
- •From the early history of accounting
- •Vocabulary to be memorized
- •Vocabulary to be memorized
- •The faculty of accounting and finance at birmingham university
- •Vocabulary to be memorized
- •The distinction between auditing and accountancy
- •Vocabulary to be memorized
- •The role of accounts
- •Vocabulary to be memorized
- •From the history of the double-entry system
- •Vocabulary to be memorized
- •Accounting conventions and principles
- •Vocabulary to be memorized
- •The ledger
- •Vocabulary to be memorized
- •Relationships between financial statements
- •Vocabulary to be memorized
- •A critical appraisal of the balance sheet
- •Vocabulary to be memorized
- •Professional ethics of accountants
- •Vocabulary to be memorized
- •Setting accounting and auditing standards internationally
- •Vocabulary to be memorized
- •What accounting tasks can be done with a help of a computer?
- •Vocabulary to be memorized
- •Some leading accounting organisations of great britain
- •Vocabulary to be memorized
- •Making a career in accounting
- •Vocabulary to be memorized
- •Accounting in the future
- •Vocabulary to be memorized
- •The accounting system of great britain and northern ireland: it's general regulatory scheme in relation to ukrainian accounting
- •Vocabulary to be memorized
- •Check yourself. Choose the best alternative to complete the sentence.
- •Reference literature
- •Contents
- •I. Introduction into Modern Accounting
II. Imagine that you work as an accountant in a big enterprise. Answer the following questions
1. Do you total the accounts at the end of the fiscal year?
2. What are your usual activities at the end of the fiscal year?
3. When do you prepare a financial statement?
4. Why should you have more assets than liabilities?
5. Does the accounting department work on taxes?
6. What is the difference between your gross salary and net salary?
7. Is the difference between gross salary and net salary big in this country? What does this difference depend on?
III. Make up the dialogue about accounting:
a) between an experienced accountant and a university graduate who has just begun to work as an accountant;
b) you are an employer and you want to hire an accountant, find out if he (she) is experienced enough in accounting.
IV. Translate from Ukrainian into English.
1. Бухгалтерський облік надає дані для кредиторів та вкладників. 2. Вони готують звіт про прибутки та балансовий звіт в кінці фінансового року. 3. Ми визначаємо ефективність виробництва за допомогою аналізу коефіцієнтів. 4. Нерухомість є власністю корпорацій. 5. Ми перевіримо активи та пасиви та визначимо вартість майна без зобов’язань. 6. Ми сплачуємо великі податки. 7. Скільки ти отримуєш без відрахувань?
The accounting profession
I. Practice in reading these words and word-combinations:
Array, argue, knowledgeable, certified public accountant, counsel, recognition, evaluation, advertising agencies, enthusiastic recommendation, integrity.
II. Read the text to find out the main features of accounting profession.
The field of accounting includes persons of varying training and competencies. One might ask where in this array of “accountants” we find the “accounting profession”. Some would argue that accounting is a “profession”. Admittedly, many persons practicing some form of accounting could not be classified as professionals - most notably, bookkeepers. The presence of tradesmen, however, does not exclude the presence of the professional. Medicine, law, and religion, the traditional professions, also employ many technical personnel who would not be included as members of the respective professions.
If accounting is to be considered a profession, one might ask who the professional accountant is and how he can be recognized. Most knowledgeable persons would agree that the certified public accountant or CPA as he is called in the USA is the professional in this field. Certified accountants in England are called chartered accountants. Investors, creditors, managers, government agencies, and many others in the business world look to him for professional counsel and advice. Respect for the CPA and recognition of his professional status have increased markedly over the past few decades. An independent marketing and public opinion analyst recently completed a study of some six hundred top executives of large manufacturing enterprises. The results disclosed that the CPA ranks at the top of the list when compared with other outside consultants. The study reported in part:
The evaluation they gave us (the CPA) was very high. Compared with other outside management consultants, and public relations consultants, it was the accountant that these executives most enjoyed working with. Eighty-six per cent of them said they would give consultants, such as lawyers, advertising agencies, labor relations or personnel consultants, their accounting firm an enthusiastic recommendation. Seventy-two per cent thought of their accountant as making “a real contribution to the profitability of their business”, as compared with only 22 per cent who wrote him off as “a necessary evil”.
What comes through most markedly is the high professional respect in which most accountants are held. You are unquestionably considered, by most people who use your services, to be people of ability and integrity who are an essential part of any business operation.
Comments
in this array of “accountants” – тут у цій масі „обліковців”
to argue – сперечатися
admittedly – загальновідомо; напевно
law – право, юриспруденція
technical personnel – технічний персонал
analyst – аналітик
advertising agency – рекламна агенція
an enthusiastic recommendation – захоплений відгук
an essential part – важлива, значна частина
an integrity – чесність; цілісність
certified public accountant (CPA) амер., chartered accountant брит. – дипломований бухгалтер вищої категорії