- •Lesson 1.
- •I.Arrange the following words in pairs of a) synonyms, b) antonyms
- •Word - building
- •III. Read and translate the text: Environment.
- •Grammar exercises.
- •Insert appropriate words:
- •Find the right answers to the questions
- •Complete the sentences:
- •Complete these sentences with the correct superlative form of the adjectives in parentheses.
- •Write your own sentences. What do you think? Give your opinion.
- •Say what you must do in the morning.
- •Say what you mustn’t do being a student.
- •Lesson 2
- •Read and translate the following words and word- combinations:
- •Arrange the following words in pairs of a) synonyms, b) antonyms:
- •Word- building
- •Read and translate the text a: Environmental pollution.
- •Answer the following questions:
- •Make up sentences with the help of the words from right and left columns:
- •Give definitions to the following words:
- •Summarize in own words the main idea of the text.
- •Read and translate the text b:
- •Words to Help You Understand the Passage
- •Grammar exercises.
- •Lesson 3
- •I Read and translate the following words and word- combinations:
- •II Arrange the following words in pairs of a) synonyms b) antonyms:
- •Word- building
- •III Read and translate the text a: Kinds of pollution
- •IV Answer the following questions:
- •V Complete the following sentences:
- •VI. Find nouns and verbs which correspond to the following definitions:
- •VII. Make up the sentences with the following words and word combinations:
- •Match left and right
- •Read and translate text b: "Air pollution" Words to Help You Understand the Passage
- •Grammar exercises The Present Perfect Tense
- •The Past Perfect Tense
- •The Future Perfect Tense
- •Insert since or for in the appropriate sentences.
- •Lesson 4
- •Read and translate the following words and word- combinations:
- •Find the definition for the following words:
- •III. Read and translate the text a:
- •XI. Speak on environmental problems
- •Lesson 5
- •II Form sentences using the words given below.
- •III Give definitions to the following words:
- •IV. Word- building (adj.)
- •V. Read and translate the text a:
- •VI Arrange the following words in pairs of
- •VII Answer the following questions:
- •VIII. Read and translate the text b :
- •IX Ask questions about the text.
- •X. Make up the plan of the text and retell it.
- •XI Read and translate the text c.
- •XII Be ready to speak on one of the topics:
- •Grammar exercises
- •Exercise 5
- •In which three sentences do you feel, the relative pronoun can be left out?
- •Exercise 6
- •Lesson 6
- •I Read and translate the following words and word combinations :
- •III.Find definitions to the following words:
- •From the list below please pick up words which have the same meaning and which are the opposites:
- •Word – building
- •Read and translate the text "Food"
- •Make up your own situations or dialogues with the keep of following phrases:
- •Make up a menu for:
- •IV.Speak on one of the topics
- •Read and translate text b:
- •Complete the sentences:
- •Find out the information from the text
- •Read and translate text c: "Freeze – dried foods"
- •Grammar exercises Forms of Infinitive
- •Exercise 1
- •Exercise 2
- •Exercise 5
- •Lesson 7
- •I Read and translate the following words and word – combinations:
- •III . From the list below – pick up words which have the same meaning and which are the opposites:
- •IV . Read and translate the text a :
- •V. Answer the following questions:
- •VI. Name the chief kinds of livestock and food products. Make webbing.
- •VII. Explain the meaning of some phrases:
- •Match each word or phrase in the first column with the word or phrase in the second column that produces a proverb or idiom
- •A) Did you know :
- •Speak on one of the topics :
- •Read and translate text b :
- •XIII. Write out from text b all terms concerning to animal topic.
- •Agree or disagree with the following statements :
- •Using the words in brackets ask questions :
- •Insert the required form of gerund of the verb in brackets. Mind prepositions.
- •Lesson 8
- •Read and translate the following words:
- •III. From the list below – pick up words which have the same meaning and which are the opposites:
- •IX. Find opposite words:
- •X. Find odd words :
- •It is far to conclude from the experiment described in this passage that
- •Grammar exercises
- •Lesson 9
- •Read and translate the following:
- •Match the words with their definitions below:
- •From the list below – pick up words which have the same meaning and which are the opposites:
- •Read and translate text a:
- •V. Work in pairs. Ask questions according to the model :
- •Write a composition “ If I were the farmer ( forester , president ) of …”
- •Translate text b without dictionary. “ How a Tree Grows “
- •Answer the following questions:
- •Read text c.
- •V.Plants that move
- •VI.Plants That Glow
- •VII.Comprehension Check
- •Grammar exercises. Subjunctive Mood.
- •Lesson 10
- •Colors In Nature
- •Find the following information from the text:
- •VIII.The Bald Eagle
- •Find the meaning of words in bold type.
- •Find correct answers to the given questions:
- •Find the wrong word in each sentence and replace it with right one:
- •Grammar exercises.
- •Irregular verbs
- •Tenses in active and passive voice
- •Personal, possessive, reflexive pronouns
V. Work in pairs. Ask questions according to the model :
What do you call the part of a plant coming up from the root ? --- We call it a stem.
the part of a plant or a tree which is normally in the soil; 2. The part of a tree covered with leaves; 3. The outer covering of the stem and branches; 4. The layer between the outer bark and the wood; 5. The darker part in the center of a tree; 6. a tree which is green in all seasons; 7. a tree that loses leaves every year; 8. Loss of water vapor from the surface of leaves
Find in the text A words and word combinations close to the following:
Trunk, breathing, with the help of, therefore, due to, specific weight, a dead tree, small cells, growth in diameter, influence, to occur, quantity, broadleaf trees
VII. Using the text A tell about the functions of each part of the tree.
VIII. Ask questions . The following sentences will be answers:
1.Trees consist of three main parts. 2. Some trees reach the height of 300 feet.3.The trees breathe through the leaves and the bark. 4. One may know the age of a tree by its annual rings.
Read and translate the poem . Complete the sentences using the words below the poem.
What do we plant when we plant a tree ?
We plant the ship which will cross the …,
We plant the mast to carry the …,
We plant the planks to withstand the gales.
What do we plant when we plant a tree?
We plant the … for you and me,
We plant the rafters, the doors and floors.
We plant the spire that out – towers the crag.
We plant the staff for our country’s ….,
We plant the shade from the hot … free,
We plant all these when we plant the tree.
Write a composition “ If I were the farmer ( forester , president ) of …”
Translate text b without dictionary. “ How a Tree Grows “
A tree in three directions: trunk and branches grow upward, roots grow downward, and all grow laterally, that is in diameter. As with all living things, trees are made up of cells, and growth occurs by means of cell division. Vertical growth is of little interest, because the most part of the wood in the tree trunk is formed by lateral growth. Growth in diameter, also called secondary growth, takes place in a very narrow zone between the wood of a tree trunk and the bark. This area, called cambium, is only a few cells thick, but it produces all the different types of cells in both the wood and the bark. The cambium itself consists of a layer only one cell thick, but as the cells divide and mature, there is a region on each side of the cambium which contains living cells in various stages of development.
When a wood cell is mature, it is technically dead, for it contains no nucleus or protoplasm. Thus , even the wood of a living tree is made up mainly of dead cells, although certain kinds of cells in the sapwood remain alive longer than others.
During a normal growing season, the cambium produces millions of cells, and a layer of new wood is formed. Since the cambium is a cover surrounding the tree trunk, the layer of wood produced each year is in the same form, and when the tree is only a year or two old, the layer of wood is a cone as high as the tree. During each successive growing season, another cone – shaped layer of wood is added around underneath. Thus , in order to find the age of a tree by the time- honored method of counting growth rings, one must cut the tree very near the ground or the first year or two is missed.
During each growing season, a layer of bark is also added, but it is added to the inside of the bark. It would seem, then, that since a tree enlarges in diameter each year, the outer layers of bark must stretch. But what actually happens is that the outer layers of bark become dry and, instead of stretching, they crack.. This accounts for the scaly appearance of the bark of most trees.
On a cross- sectional surface we can see the growth rings. These are the concentric layers of wood added each season to the diameter of the trunk. The rings are usually quite distinct because in the temperature climates, the wood formed during the early part of the growing season is different from the wood formed later. The wood formed in the spring when growth is more rapid is called earlywood or springwood, and is characterized by cells which are larger and thin – walled, making a rather porous layer of wood. Slower growth later in the growing season produces latewood or summerwood, which has smaller thick-walled cells, forming relatively more dense wood.
Besides, on the surface of hardwoods, fine lines can be seen radiating from the centre of the tree outward. These are wood rays made up of cells oriented horizontally in the tree instead of vertically, as the majority of the cells are. The horizontal orientation of ray cells helps to conduct food materials laterally in the tree.