10. Speak on one of the topics :

1. Domestic animals

2. Wild animals

3. Feed

4. Shelter.

10. Read and translate text b :

Care of Livestock

Feed. A domestic animals’ daily food is called a ration. A balanced ration contains the nutrients that the animal holds for growth and good health. These nutrients include carbohydrates, fats, minerals, protein and vitamins. Animals suffering from nutritional deficiencies produce less meat, milk and eggs. They are also more likely to become unhealthy. Some livestock producers and animal feed companies use computers to determine the kind and proportion of ingredients used in livestock rations.

Swine and poultry feed consists of various grains, by- products from food – processing, minerals, vitamins and concentrated plant and animal proteins. Cattle, sheep and other ruminants (animals with more than one stomach compartment) eat the grasses of pastureland. They are also fed grain, hay, the stalks of certain plants and other crop remains.

Many farmers raise cattle in fenced – in areas called feed lots. These animals receive special feed that increases their growth rate. The use of feed lots decreases the amount of land needed for grazing. It also concentrates the amount of animal wastes available for use as fertilizer. Farmers move these wastes from the feed lots to the fields to fertilize the crops.

Shelter.Livestock require some protection from severe weather so they can maintain satisfactory growth and reproduction. At one time, these animals could live easily without shelter. Through the years, however, farmers have developed breeding methods designed to increase meat production. These methods produce less hardly types of livestock. Today, many livestock cannot withstand extreme cold or heat. Exposure to snow and wind can also harm the animals.

Livestock owners provide the most economical type of shelter that can best maintain the animals’ levels of food production. Some livestock need only a windbreak or shade tree for shelter. Others are sheltered in climate – controlled buildings where the humidity, light, sound level, temperature and ventilation are precisely regulated.

XIII. Write out from text b all terms concerning to animal topic.

14. Agree or disagree with the following statements :

1). Many thousand years have passed since man began domesticating animals.

2). At present the most important of the three purposes the animals are used for is their being a source of food.

3) The only purpose for which dogs are known to be used now is to assist people in their various activities.

4) From the history of animal domestication it is known that the first domesticated animals were used as draft power.

5) We can say that now in the world there are neither wild cattle nor wild horses.

6) At present the process of domesticating some fur – bearing animals has started and in future they may become domesticated.

7) As the origin of domestication is unknown we cannot say what kind of animal was domesticated first.