- •1)The 2 branches of Grammar, their interconnection. Links of Gr. With other
- •2) Hierarchical structure of l. Segmental and supra-segmental levels.
- •3) The plane of content and the plane of expression. Polysemy, homonymy,
- •4) Notion of the morpheme. Types of morpheme. Suffixes and inflexions.
- •5)Distributional analysis in studying morphemes. Types of distribution.
- •6) Grammatical meaning, form, categories.
- •7)Different aspects of English Syntax.
- •8)Semantic, morphological, and syntactic categories. Notional categories and their
- •9) Textual Grammar.
- •10) Parts of speech. The criteria applied in discriminating parts of speech. The
- •11)The field theory approach to parts-of-speech classification. Classification of parts
- •12) The noun as a part of speech. The problem of the category of gender.
- •13) The category of number of the noun.
- •15) The article.
- •16) The adjective. Degrees of comparison. Substantivization of adjectives.
- •17) The pronoun. The categories of case and number. Subclasses of pronouns.
- •19) The category of aspect of the verb.
- •20) The composite sentence. Compound sentence.
- •21) The principal parts of the sentence:the subject & the predicate. Types of
- •22) The adverb and the structural parts of speech: prepositions, conjunctions,
- •23) The status of verbals in modern English.
- •24) Grammatical semantics of Participle II.
- •25) Word order in English.
- •26) The category of tense of the verb. The problem of perfect forms.
- •27) The complex sentence.
- •28) The category of mood of the verb.
- •29) The category of voice of the verb.
- •30) The phrase, its definition. The study of the phrase in Russian and foreign
- •31) Complicated sentences.
- •32) Types of phrases. Syntactic relations between the components of a phrase.
- •33) Notion of the sentence. Classification of sentence. Types of sentences.
- •34) The secondary parts of the sentence: the object, the attribute, the adverbial
15) The article.
Article is a determining unit of a specific nature accompanying the noun in
communicative collocation. A(n)/the form a separate group or class characterized by:
-the lexico-grammatical meaning of definiteness/indefiniteness;
The lexical meaning of a(n) in ME is a very weak reminder of its original meaning
(one), though it is not used with “plural” nouns. The lexical meaning of the in ME
is a pale shadow of its original demonstrative meaning à the meaning of articles
abstracts form the meaning of oneness in a(n) and demonstrative meaning in the.
The names of the articles (definite/indefinite) denote the nearest approach to this
lexico-grammatical meaning (definiteness/indefiniteness).
-the right-hand combinability with nouns;-the function of noun specifiers.
Status of the article in Modern English.
The article is usually a separate unit which may be divided from its noun by
other words, chiefly adjectives. However, in certain languages the article may also
be a morpheme attached to the noun as a kind of suffix (in Bulgarian, Rumanian,
Swedish). If we interpret the article as a morpheme, the idea of a zero article would make
no difficulty. If we take the article as a word, the idea of a ‘zero word’ would entail
(cause) some difficulty (zero form). The notion ‘zero article’ is only possible if the
article is not a word. 2 views: 1.the article is a word and the collocation “article + noun”
is a phrase. 2.the article is a form element in the system of the noun. It is a morpheme
or an auxiliary word, the phrase “article + noun” is a morphological formation.
There are only 2 material articles, the and a(n).+ “zero” article à there are 3 articles.
The idea of a zero article takes its origin in the notion ‘zero morpheme’.
The category of article determination.
Blokh: The semantic purpose of the article is to specify the nounal referent, to define it
in the most general way, without any explicitly expressed contrasts.
In the absence of a determiner, the use of the article with the noun is quite obligatory,
in so far as the cases of non-use of the article are subject to no less definite rules than
the use of it. Is article a purely auxiliary element of a special grammatical form of the
noun which functions as a component of a definite morphological category, or is it a
separate word, i.e. a lexical unit in the determiner word set, if of a more abstract meaning
than other determiners. The role of articles in actual division of the sentence.
The door opened and the young man came in./The door opened and a young man
came in. In the 2nd case we can see that the central point of the sentence is a young man,
which is new while in the 1st sentence the central point is that he came in. The central
point corresponds to the semantic predicate, or the RHEME.