6)Types of addressee

• Direct addressee (A) is an intended direct recipient of the speaker's (S) communication.

• A listener is either an addressee (A) or a bystander (B), indirect addressee.

• Quasi-addressee (icon, computer, stars, photos etc.)

7) Classification of Speech Acts

Illocutionary speech acts:

• assertives = speech acts that commit a speaker to the truth of the expressed proposition

• directives = speech acts that are to cause the hearer to take a particular action, e.g. requests, commands and advice

• commissives = speech acts that commit a speaker to some future action, e.g. promises and oaths

• expressives = speech acts that expresses on the speaker's attitudes and emotions towards the proposition, e.g. congratulations, excuses and thanks

• declaratives = speech acts that change the reality in accord with the proposition of the declaration, e.g. baptisms, pronouncing someone guilty or pronouncing someone husband and wife

PROF. G. POCHEPTSOV’S CLASSIFICATION OF SA

• CONSTATIVES The Earth is round

• PROMISSIVES & MENASIVES I’ll come some time

• PERFORMATIVES I apoplogise

• DIRECTIVES (INJUNCTIVES & REQUESTIVES) Go away (, please).

• QUESITIVES What’s your name?

Prof. I.S.Shevchenko: METACOMMUNICATIVES