Choosing a Career. The factors contributing one’s choice of a career

There are several factors affecting the choice of one’s career. In my presentation I’m going to dwell on such factors as parental influence, interests, dispositions, salary and market conditions. Then I’ll say some words about my career choice.

Many people are heavily influenced by the professions that their parents favor. Others follow the career paths that their educational choices have opened up for them. Some choose to follow their passions, regardless of how much or how little money it will make them. Others look to the career that pays them the highest salary.

Parenting has an immense influence on what career an individual will ultimately choose. If parents have an obsession idea of their child’s career future in a certain sphere, it has a powerful psychological affect on their children. Choosing a field in which your parents work is also a frequent occasion, thus children continue their professional dynasty. Sometimes such choice brings happiness and satisfactions, sometimes it becomes a bitter mistake, if the child didn’t take into account his own interests and preferences.

Nowadays, most children are encouraged to choose their own career paths. Those who discover the best career for themselves are those who have an accurate understanding of their talents and dispositions the professional opportunities available to them and confidence in their decisions. For some, it takes years of experience and trying different jobs to find the best fit.

Market conditions affect the career choice seriously, too. According to the recent research the most promising specialties of the near future are engineering, IT-specialties, nanotechnology, marketing and sales, service industries, logistics, ecology, medical professions connected with new technologies in life prolongation and chemistry.

Fine salary is also an important factor contributing one’s choice of a career. Life is not a simple thing; we have to earn our living. Many people make the mistake of deciding on a career path basing on the assumed salary level. For example you choose lawyer because you think you can make a good living, but in reality you may hate boring documentary work and dream of teaching dancing. “Do what you love and the money will follow.” This saying has a grain of truth to it when it comes to choosing the right career. If you are happy doing what you’re doing, you most likely will be good at it, and when you’re good at something, you have a good chance of making money doing it. More important, you’ll be happy.

As far as I am concerned, my career choice was influenced by my interest to foreign languages and my abilities it this sphere. My parents noticed it and put me to an English language gymnasium. I always knew that my work will be connected with languages and the career choice was not painful for me.

Juridical system in the usa, uk and Russia

The English Judicial System

A feature common to the system of law in the UK is that there is no complete code. The cases are decided basing on precedent that is previous legal decisions. The English judicial system works in England and Wales. Scotland and Northern Ireland have their own judicial systems.

Now I’ll tell about the main types of British courts.

The courts of the lowest level are Magistrates Courts which deal with the majority of cases. These courts are overseen by unpaid and part-time magistrates chosen from the local community.

County courts are on the next level. They deal with basic civil cases.

Crown courts deal with any criminal cases not dealt with in the Magistrates Courts. A Magistrates Court may remit a case to the Crown Court if it believes it is sufficiently serious as the sentencing powers of magistrates are severely limited.

High Court has three ‘division’. These are the:

Family Division which deals with non-criminal cases to do with domestic law;

Chancery Division which deals with business and property law; and,

Queens Bench Division which deals with other civil law cases including those of slander and breach of contract.

Court of Appeal has two divisions dealing with appeals regarding criminal and civil law.

The House of Lords is currently the most senior UK Court where appeals against the decision of lower courts in both criminal and civil cases are decided. In 2009, a new Supreme Court will take on responsibility as the UK’s highest court of appeal. It will have jurisdiction over the whole UK system including Scotland. It will result in the Judges of Appeal not sitting in the House of Lords (as is the case at present) and will finally ensure the separation of the Legislature from the Judiciary in the UK.

The Court system of the USA

The American court system is complex. Beneath the Supreme Court, Congress has created two distinct types of federal courts: 1) constitutional courts and 2) special courts.

The constitutional courts are the federal courts that Congress has formed to exercise “the judicial power of the United States”. They are sometimes called the “regular courts”. Together with the Supreme Court, they now include: the Courts of Appeals, the District Courts, and the Court of International Trade.

The special courts have been created by Congress to hear cases arising out of certain of the expressed powers given to Congress. They hear a much narrower range of cases than those, which may come before the constitutional courts.

The special courts are sometimes called the “legislative courts”. Today, they include the Court of Military Appeals, the Claims Court, the Tax Court, the various territorial courts, and the courts of the District of Columbia.

The Supreme Court of the United States is the only court specifically created in the Constitution. It is made up of the Chief Justice of the United States, and eight Associate Justices. The Supreme Court has both original and appellate jurisdiction. Most of all, however, it is an appellate tribunal. Most of the cases it hears come to it on appeal from the lower federal courts and from the State supreme courts. It hears the disagreements between The Constitution and laws and it can declare unconstitutional.

The Court system in Russia

The judiciary in Russia is split into three branches: the regular court system with the Supreme Court at the top, the arbitration court system with the High Court of Arbitration on top, and the Constitutional Court as a single body with no courts under it.

Whenever there is a dispute between business partners, the case is taken for trial by the courts of arbitration (business or economic courts in fact). The system of these courts is headed by the High Court of Arbitration.

But if a party to a civil case is a private citizen, not involved in business activities, the dispute has to be handled by a court of general jurisdiction.

The major link in the regular court system is Justice of the Peace. It serves each city district or rural district. As trial courts of general jurisdiction, the rayon courts handle over 90 % of all civil and criminal cases. Only a limited category of cases involving the most serious crimes falls directly under the jurisdiction of the next level of courts - the oblast courts.