- •Phonological system of English. The hierarchy of phonological units. Phoneme as the smallest discrete phonological unit and its functions.
- •Basic methods of phonological analysis. Phonological rules. The system of phonological opposition in English.
- •Modification of phonemes in speech continuum. Classification of allophones.
- •The articulation basis of English and that of the student’s mother tongue. Articulatory distinction of typologically identical sounds in the student’s mother tongue.
- •7. The system of English phonemes. Types of transcription: broad and narrow. Basic problems of phonetic transcription. International Phonetic Alphabet.
- •English consonants. Problems of their phonological analysis and classification.
- •English vowels. Problems of their analysis and classification.
- •Syllable as a phonetic and phonological unit. The phonotatic structure and types of syllables in English, their graphical representation. Functions of a syllable.
- •Syllable formation theories. Main problems of the phonetic aspect of the syllable in English.
- •Word accent as a component of the phonetic structure of a word and its functions. Acoustic and perceptual cues to word accent. Types of word accents. Linguistically relevant degreed of word stress.
- •Accent types of words
- •Word accentuation tendencies and basic word stress patterns in English. Rhythmical patterns of lexical stress in words of Anglo-Saxon origin and in French borrowings.
- •Suprasegmental Phonology. Intonation as the complex semantic unity of suprasegmental features. Different approaches to the definition of intonation and its components.
Suprasegmental Phonology. Intonation as the complex semantic unity of suprasegmental features. Different approaches to the definition of intonation and its components.
Phonology is the study of the sound system of languages, and of the general properties displayed by these systems. By contrast with phonetics, which studies all possible sounds that the human vocal apparatus can make, phonology studies only those contrasts in sound which make differences of meaning within language. When we listen carefully to the way people speak English, we will hear hundreds of slight differences in the way individuals pronounce particular sounds.
Intonation is a language universal. There are no languages which are spoken as a monotone, without any change of prosodic parameters. But intonation functions in various languages is a different way.
Intonation is a complex unity of a number of components, such as speech melody, utterance stress, rhythm, loudness, tempo, timbre. Intonation realized in speech the following functions:
It organizes words into utterances.
It delimits 1 utterance from another by means of pause
It defines the communicative type of sentence
It expresses the speaker’s attitude towards what he says.