15. Look at the fact files, turn the notes into questions and interview your classmates about one of these scientists. Report your findings to the class.

Example: // was / of / Mykola Amosov / field / did / science / work ?

What field of science did Mukola Amosov work in?

Mykola Amosov

Worked as a leading surgeon at a mobile field hospital during the Great Pa­triotic War.

In 1955 organised a heart surgery clinic.

In 1983 set up the Institute of cardio­vascular surgery where he invented sev­eral surgical procedures for treating heart defects.

Published 5 books "Thoughts and the Heart", "Notes from the Future", "PPG 22-66", "The Book of Happiness and Misfortunes", "The Voices of Time", which were translated into 30 languages of the world.

In 2008 was recognised as one of the greatest Ukrainians by the public opinion in the TV show "The Greatest Ukrainians".

1. what / the / make / innovation / did / scientist?

2. what / Mykola Amosov / the / did / do / Great / during / Pa­triotic / war?

3. what / the set / in / after / the / scientist / did / up / Kyiv / war?

4. into / languages / the / of / many / now / were / books / Mykola Amosov / translated?

5. why / scientist / as / the / Ukrainian / of / the / was/ recognised / great?

Thomas Alva Edison

The greatest American inventor and industrial leader in history, born in Feb­ruary 11, 1847, in Milan, Ohio.

In 18 77 invented a foil phonograph.

Invented the first successful electric light bulb.

In 1879, invented the 1^st practical lighting system.

On September 4,1882 created the first commercial power station which provided light and electricity power to customers.

1. why / Thomas Edison / come / the / of / did / into / history / science?

2. what / the / invention / scientist's / was / first?

3. what / the / greatest / was / scientist's / contribution?

4. what / set / for / citizens / Thomas Edison / did / up / pro­viding / with / electricity?

5. why / Thomas Edison / a / is / called / leader / an / industrial?

Edward Victor Appleton

The greatest English scientist, who devoted himself to at­mospheric physics, using mainly radio techniques.

In 1924 proved the existence of the layer in the upper atmosphere now called the ionosphere.

Invented the method called "frequen­cy-modulated radar", which led to a great development of radio research.

In 1926 discovered a further atmos­pheric layer 150 miles above ground, which reflects short waves round the earth.

In 1941 was knighted for the development of radiolocation.

16. Read and translate the text.

venue — центр, средоточие

attainment — достижение

accomplishments — достижения

tangible — весомнй

research centres — исследовательские центри

to comprise — вмещать, охвативать

facilities — средства, оборудование

leading — ведучий

Science in ukraine

First centres of sciences in Old Rus were monasteries. In 18^th century Kyiv Mohyla Academy played a major role in science. In the 19^th century Kyiv, Kharkiv, Odesa and Lviv universities became research centres where the first national schools of sciences took shape.

Such scientists as M. Ostrohradsky (mathematics), O. Bodiansky (linguistics), V. Antonovych (history), M. Maksymovych (ethnography and plant physiology), V. Obraztsov, F. Yanovsky, V. Filatov (medicine) made a great conntribution to the development of Ukrainian science.

The creation of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences in 1918 was an event of historic importance. Among its founding members were V. Vernadsky, a famous 20^th century scientist and naturalist, noted historians M. Hrushevsky and D. Bahalii; orientalist A. Krymsky; mechanics expert S. Tymoshenko; lawyer M. Vasylenko and many others.

At present, the National Academy of Sciences comprises 170 research centres with powerful research-and-productive facilities. There are nearly 2 500 Doctors and 10 000 Candidates of Science. There are 203 Academicians and 280 Corresponding members, plus 81 foreign members from 18 countries, including the USA, France, Germany, the UК, Italy, Japan.

The National Academy of Ukraine ranks with Europe leading scientific venues. Among its attainments are outstanding accomplishments in natural history and technology, along with tangible contributions to sociology and the humanities.

Since 1962 Boris Paton has been the President of the National Academy. He is a noted scientist, organizer, honorary member of academies in many countries. '

A great deal has been done in the leading sciences over the past several years. World priorities have a number of achievements in machine building, rocket and computer technology, molecular biology, genetic engineering, microbiologу and medicine.

The National Academy of Ukraine maintains and expands international contacts with academies and research associations and centres in many countries. Over the past several years research and technological cooperation treaties and agreements have been signed with many countries

QUESTIONS

What were the first centres of sciences in Old Rus?

When was the Ukrainian Academy of sciences created?

How many research centres does the Academy comprise?

Who has been the President of the National Academy synce1962?

What are the achievements of the Academy?