- •Industry Overview & Competitive Positioning
- •Investment Summary
- •Valuation
- •Investment Risks
- •Income statement
- •New segment?
- •Effect which appears due to vertical integration and segment interconnection
- •Variance of ebit margin of different segments explained by ebit margin from other segments
- •Cfa Institute Research Challenge
Income statement
|
FY2011 |
FY2012 |
FY2013E |
FY2014F |
FY2015F |
FY2016F |
FY2017F |
FY2018F |
||||||||||||||||
Revenue |
1,899,118 |
2,157,441 |
2,535,981 |
2,982,421 |
3,241,458 |
3,534093 |
3,665,888 |
3,814,298 |
|
|||||||||||||||
Cost of sales |
-1,439,591 |
-1,696,468 |
-2,021,760 |
-2,370,410 |
-2,571,595 |
-2,804,815 |
-2,909,134 |
-3,026,322 |
|
|||||||||||||||
Gross profit |
459,527 |
460,973 |
514,222 |
612,011 |
669,863 |
729,278 |
756,754 |
787,975 |
|
|||||||||||||||
Other operating income |
26,192 |
65,993 |
73,059 |
83,900 |
91,712 |
97,277 |
101,212 |
103,983 |
|
|||||||||||||||
Operating expenses: |
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Distribution,costs |
-170,281 |
-200,368 |
-243,044 |
-283,454 |
-306,900 |
-333,388 |
-345,317 |
-358,751 |
|||||||||||||||
|
General,&administrative,expenses |
-38,170 |
-70,128 |
-73,634 |
-77,316 |
-81,182 |
-85,241 |
-89,503 |
-93,978 |
|||||||||||||||
Total operating expenses |
-208,451 |
-270,496 |
-316,679 |
-360,770 |
-388,082 |
-418,629 |
-434,821 |
-452,729 |
||||||||||||||||
Operating profit |
277,268 |
256,470 |
270,602 |
335,141 |
373,493 |
407,925 |
423,146 |
439,229 |
||||||||||||||||
|
Finance,costs |
-42,452 |
-64,361 |
-73,384 |
-90,374 |
-99,752 |
-110,241 |
-121,647 |
-133,199 |
|||||||||||||||
|
Foreign,exchange,gain,,net |
1,723 |
5,269 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|||||||||||||||
|
Other,expenses/income,,net |
-28,121 |
-3,486 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|||||||||||||||
Profit before income tax |
208,418 |
193,892 |
197,218 |
244,767 |
273,741 |
297,684 |
301,498 |
306,030 |
||||||||||||||||
Income tax benefit profit |
17,629 |
16,890 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
||||||||||||||||
NET PROFIT |
226,047 |
210,782 |
197,218 |
244,767 |
273,741 |
297,684 |
301,498 |
306,030 |
||||||||||||||||
Source: Company data, KNU estimates
Appendix 2. Kernel Historical lookup
Figure 42. Kernel Business Lifecycle: from seed to mature
Company development
Period
New segment?
Source: Company data, KNU estimates
Figure 43. Kernel Holding S.A. M&A activity
Data |
Company |
Segment |
Value, M USD US |
23 January 2008 |
Zaliznichni slyakhi JS |
Transshipment services |
2.4 |
14 January 2010 |
Allseeds Group |
Oil |
42 |
15 February 2010 |
Allseeds Group |
Oil |
28 |
12 October 2010 |
Private farming |
Farming |
1.60 |
21 March 2011 |
Ukrros |
Sugar |
142 |
16 August 2011 |
Russkie Masla Group |
Oil |
63.8 |
15 September 2011 |
Black Sea Industries |
OIl |
140 |
02 April 2012 |
Farming companies (Khmelnytsk & Poltava regions) |
Farming |
149.4 |
02 October 2012 |
Grain Port/Taman |
Transshipment services |
265 |
Source: Bloomberg, Company data
Figure 44. Kernel Holding S.A. M&A activity – impact on share price
Zaliznichni slyakhi JS
Allseeds Group
Private farming
Ukrros
Russkie Masla Group
Black Sea Industries
Grain Port/Taman
WIG20
KER PW
trade volumes, shares
Source: WSE, Company data
Appendix 3. DCF Building
Figure 45. DCF calculation
|
FY2011 |
FY2012 |
FY2013E |
FY2014F |
FY2015F |
FY2016F |
FY2017F |
FY2018F |
|||||||
Revenue from oil, cake and meal |
1,309,975 |
1,394,618 |
1,674,501 |
1,793,138 |
1,940,833 |
2,086,969 |
2,183,043 |
2,280,185 |
|||||||
Revenue from grain trade |
571,143 |
598,691 |
772,923 |
1,092,869 |
1,188,004 |
1,330,498 |
1,363,658 |
1,413,915 |
|||||||
Revenue from farming |
4,309 |
25,814 |
21,739 |
28,954 |
33,923 |
37,360 |
39,471 |
40,892 |
|||||||
Revenue from grain silo services |
10,521 |
31,256 |
29,176 |
29,087 |
31,401 |
31,852 |
32,181 |
32,149 |
|||||||
Revenue from transshipment services |
3,170 |
8,012 |
31,243 |
38,373 |
47,297 |
47,414 |
47,535 |
47,157 |
|||||||
Revenue from other activities |
- |
99,050 |
6,400 |
Sugar plants are sold |
|||||||||||
TOTAL REVENUE |
1,899,118 |
2,157,441 |
2,535,981 |
2,982,421 |
3,241,458 |
3,534,093 |
3,665,888 |
3,814,298 |
|||||||
COGS |
1,358,548 |
1,536,068 |
1,798,844 |
2,120,329 |
2,306,864 |
2,517,592 |
2,612,499 |
2,719,370 |
|||||||
Amortization and depreciation |
30,885 |
62,374 |
91,263 |
101,622 |
107,049 |
120,719 |
125,341 |
130,160 |
|||||||
Payroll and payroll-related costs |
24,841 |
49,083 |
44,739 |
49,103 |
51,407 |
53,591 |
54,750 |
56,084 |
|||||||
Rental expenses |
7,513 |
21,842 |
47,835 |
52,486 |
55,009 |
57,308 |
58,563 |
59,936 |
|||||||
Other operating costs |
17,804 |
27,101 |
39,078 |
46,871 |
51,265 |
55,605 |
57,981 |
60,772 |
|||||||
TOTAL COSTS |
1,439,591 |
1,696,468 |
2,021,760 |
2,370,410 |
2,571,595 |
2,804,815 |
2,909,134 |
3,026,322 |
|||||||
GROSS PROFIT |
459,527 |
460,973 |
514,222 |
612,011 |
669,863 |
729,278 |
756,754 |
787,975 |
|||||||
Other operating income |
26,192 |
65,993 |
73,059 |
83,900 |
91,712 |
97,277 |
101,212 |
103,983 |
|||||||
Operating expenses: |
|||||||||||||||
Distribution costs |
-170,281 |
-200,368 |
-243,044 |
-283,454 |
-306,900 |
-333,388 |
-345,317 |
-358,751 |
|||||||
General and administrative expenses |
-38,170 |
-70,128 |
-73,634 |
-77,316 |
-81,182 |
-85,241 |
-89,503 |
-93,978 |
|||||||
Operating profit |
277,268 |
256,470 |
270,602 |
335,141 |
373,493 |
407,925 |
423,146 |
439,229 |
|||||||
EBITDA |
308,153 |
318,844 |
361,865 |
436,763 |
480,543 |
528,644 |
548,486 |
569,389 |
|||||||
Finance cost |
-42,452 |
-64,361 |
-73,384 |
-90,374 |
-99,752 |
-110,241 |
-121,647 |
-133,199 |
|||||||
Foreign exchange (loss)/gain, net |
1,723 |
5,269 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|||||||
Other expenses/income, net |
-28,121 |
-3,486 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|||||||
Profit before income tax |
208,418 |
193,892 |
197,218 |
244,767 |
273,741 |
297,684 |
301,498 |
306,030 |
|||||||
tax rate |
23% |
21% |
19% |
16% |
16% |
16% |
16% |
16% |
|||||||
Profit before income tax from continuing operations |
208,418 |
193,892 |
197,218 |
244,767 |
273,741 |
297,684 |
301,498 |
306,030 |
|||||||
Tax at statutory tax rate |
-47,936 |
-42,824 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|||||||
Deferred tax income |
10,589 |
4,823 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|||||||
Tax effect of expenses, net |
54,976 |
54,891 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|||||||
Tax income benefit |
17,629 |
16,890 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|||||||
NET PROFIT |
226,047 |
210,782 |
197,218 |
244,767 |
273,741 |
297,684 |
301,498 |
306,030 |
|||||||
Interest paid(=Total Interest * (1-T)) |
31,834 |
46,607 |
55,630 |
72,620 |
81,998 |
92,487 |
103,893 |
115,445 |
|||||||
NOPAT |
257,881 |
257,389 |
252,848 |
317,387 |
355,739 |
390,171 |
405,392 |
421,475 |
|||||||
Amortization |
3,626 |
12,081 |
21,729 |
26,505 |
29,834 |
32,156 |
33,774 |
34,903 |
|||||||
Depreciation |
28,735 |
53,424 |
69,534 |
75,117 |
77,215 |
88,563 |
91,567 |
95,258 |
|||||||
Total D&A |
32,361 |
65,505 |
91,263 |
101,622 |
107,049 |
120,719 |
125,341 |
130,160 |
|||||||
Increase in trade accounts receivable |
-52,080 |
-9,281 |
-14,256 |
-30,089 |
-17,459 |
-19,723 |
-8,883 |
-10,003 |
|||||||
Increase in prepayments and other current assets |
18,925 |
1,181 |
-22,299 |
-19,364 |
-11,235 |
-12,693 |
-5,716 |
-6,437 |
|||||||
Increase in restricted cash balance |
1,720 |
5,716 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|||||||
Increase in taxes recoverable & prepaid |
-1,371 |
-10,247 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|||||||
Increase in biological assets |
3,292 |
11,585 |
-6,730 |
-25,719 |
-18,693 |
-13,391 |
-9,507 |
-6,710 |
|||||||
Increase in inventories |
-24,889 |
-206,817 |
-3,948 |
-79,719 |
-46,737 |
-53,185 |
-24,079 |
-27,203 |
|||||||
Increase in trade accounts payable |
4,830 |
-23,220 |
6,260 |
5,970 |
3,464 |
3,914 |
1,763 |
1,985 |
|||||||
Increase in advances from customers and other current liabilities |
-130,536 |
-11,051 |
14,934 |
32,361 |
18,777 |
21,212 |
9,554 |
10,758 |
|||||||
Total change in WC |
-180,109 |
-242,134 |
-26,038 |
-116,559 |
-71,883 |
-73,866 |
-36,868 |
-37,610 |
|||||||
Tangible Assets |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Additions, Tangible Assets |
40,743 |
95,702 |
40,000 |
40,000 |
40,000 |
30,410 |
31,441 |
32,709 |
|||||||
Acquisitions, Tangible Assets |
112,407 |
186,316 |
159,266 |
107,318 |
107,927 |
96,621 |
99,898 |
103,925 |
|||||||
Intangible Assets |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Acquisitions (lease rights) |
37,496 |
37,498 |
37,500 |
37,500 |
37,500 |
37,500 |
37,500 |
37,500 |
|||||||
Total CapEx |
190,646 |
319,516 |
236,766 |
184,818 |
185,427 |
164,531 |
168,839 |
174,134 |
|||||||
FFCF |
81,307 |
117,632 |
205,478 |
272,493 |
325,025 |
339,892 |
|||||||||
|
Period |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
||||||||
|
Discount,ratio |
0.8785 |
0.7717 |
0.6780 |
0.5956 |
0.5232 |
0.4597 |
||||||||
PV FFCF |
71,428 |
90,783 |
139,310 |
162,296 |
170,062 |
156,232 |
|||||||||
USES OF FCF |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
Interest payment |
55,630 |
72,620 |
81,998 |
92,487 |
103,893 |
115,445 |
|||||||||
New Borrowings |
79,001 |
98,049 |
109,655 |
119,246 |
120,774 |
122,589 |
|||||||||
FCFF for dividends and cash |
104,679 |
143,061 |
233,135 |
299,252 |
341,906 |
347,036 |
|||||||||
Cash |
45,513 |
69,631 |
151,013 |
209,947 |
251,456 |
255,227 |
|||||||||
Dividends |
59,166 |
73,430 |
82,122 |
89,305 |
90,450 |
91,809 |
|||||||||
Dividends per share, USD |
0.75 |
0.93 |
1.04 |
1.13 |
1.14 |
1.16 |
|||||||||
Dividends per share, PLN |
2.36 |
2.93 |
3.28 |
3.57 |
3.61 |
3.67 |
|||||||||
Source: Company data, KNU estimates
Appendix 4. Crushing capacities
Figure 46. Kernel capacities and expected sales
|
FY2011 |
FY2012 |
FY2013E |
FY2014F |
FY2015F |
FY2016F |
FY2017F |
Crushing capacities, Ths. tons |
1808 |
2318 |
2978 |
2978 |
3278 |
3578 |
3578 |
Bulk oil sales, Ths. tons |
821.0 |
828.4 |
1169.6 |
1212.2 |
1302.9 |
1391.0 |
1438.7 |
y-o-y |
124.3% |
0.9% |
41.2% |
3.6% |
7.5% |
6.8% |
3.4% |
Bottled oil sales Ths. liters |
118.0 |
131.9 |
141.0 |
146.7 |
149.5 |
152.1 |
153.5 |
Bottled oil sales, Ths. tones |
108.5 |
121.3 |
129.8 |
134.9 |
137.5 |
140.0 |
141.2 |
y-o-y |
5% |
12% |
7% |
4% |
2% |
2% |
1% |
Grain trading, Ths. tones |
1810.0 |
2123.2 |
2788.5 |
3897.3 |
4123.8 |
4661.8 |
4784.2 |
y-o-y |
-19% |
17% |
31% |
40% |
6% |
13% |
3% |
External terminal throughput, Ths. tons |
2121.4 |
1809.3 |
3309.3 |
3809.3 |
4309.3 |
4309.3 |
4309.3 |
Source: Company data, KNU estimates
Source: Company data, KNU estimates
Appendix 5. Prices
Figure 47. Discounted Fapri prices using UkrArgoCOnsult indices / USD per metric ton
|
2011 |
2012 |
2013 |
2014 |
2015 |
2016 |
2017 |
Sunfloweroil FOB |
1264.29 |
1165.97 |
1099.84 |
1136.10 |
1162.78 |
1188.67 |
1213.13 |
Wheat FOB |
270.44 |
247.89 |
261.78 |
268.17 |
271.58 |
272.42 |
272.78 |
Barley FOB |
165.62 |
204.75 |
168.62 |
193.43 |
185.87 |
192.73 |
190.38 |
Corn FOB |
183.17 |
197.26 |
196.90 |
204.77 |
202.80 |
203.31 |
203.60 |
Source: FAPRI, KNU estimates
Appendix 6. Peers Valuation of Kernel Holding S.A.
Figure 48. Multiples of company’ peers
Competitor |
Country |
Ticker |
MarkCap, USD M |
P/E FY2012 |
EV/S FY2012 |
EV/EBITDA 2012 |
EV/LB FY2012 |
|
Bunge |
US |
DG US |
8218.31 |
9.8 |
0.2 |
7.4 |
n/a |
|
Rus Agro |
RUS |
AGRO LI |
792.00 |
2.05 |
0.89 |
8.16 |
2.64 |
|
Pava |
RUS |
AKHA RM |
24.85 |
27.40 |
0.45 |
18.11 |
n/a |
|
Mriya |
UA |
MAYA GR |
523.5 |
n/a |
2.29 |
5.67 |
3.30 |
|
Astarta |
UA |
AST PW |
377.57 |
3.33 |
1.59 |
4.19 |
2.53 |
|
MHP |
UA |
MHPC LI |
1155.13 |
4.75 |
1.63 |
4.98 |
7.15 |
|
Agroton |
UA |
AGT PW |
117.06 |
4.76 |
1.52 |
5.98 |
0.89 |
|
Industrial Milk Company |
UA |
IMC PW |
71.00 |
4.02 |
3.11 |
17.41 |
1.51 |
|
KSG Agro |
UA |
KSG PW |
88.87 |
2.60 |
3.73 |
9.91 |
2.19 |
|
Kernel Holding S.A. |
UA |
KER PW |
2098.62 |
6.80 |
0.97 |
6.47 |
8.43 |
|
Median |
x |
x |
x |
4.4 |
1.6 |
7.4 |
2.5 |
|
Premium/Discount |
|
|
|
55.09% |
-39.01% |
-12.11% |
232.68% |
|
Weights* |
|
|
|
51% |
11% |
38% |
- |
|
Valuation |
|
|
|
19,30% |
X** |
|||
Source: Bloomberg, KNU estimates
*weights were calculated based on frequency using each multiples in investment analysis;
**using the production-based multiples, like EV/landbank, don’t give the adequate valuation result cause of inapplicable it to some company – competitor & partial using of landbank in their activity by others.
Figure 49. Key peers financial ratio
|
Operation ratios 2011/12 |
Market ratios 2011/12 |
|||||||||||
EBITDA Margin,% |
Net Margin,% |
ROE, % |
ROIC, % |
Effective Tax Rate |
Dvd Payout Ratio |
Net Debt/EBIT |
EBITDA/ Interest Expense |
Debt/ Equity |
P/Book |
P/Cash Flow |
MC/ Sales |
||
Bunge |
8.05 |
7.18 |
2.90 |
1.60 |
4.47 |
6.78 |
2.76 |
5.63 |
33.80 |
0.75 |
3.21 |
0.14 |
|
Rus Agro |
11.11 |
4.88 |
10.94 |
5.54 |
7.90 |
0.00 |
4.86 |
6.49 |
6.49 |
0.95 |
1.34 |
0.54 |
|
Pava |
0.53 |
n/a |
2.48 |
0.52 |
n/a |
0.53 |
27.84 |
1.12 |
1.12 |
0.14 |
N/A |
0.13 |
|
Mriya |
29.42 |
22.05 |
40.33 |
35.23 |
0.40 |
29.42 |
2.00 |
3.39 |
64.92 |
n/a |
n/a |
n/a |
|
Astarta |
33.98 |
22.38 |
37.98 |
32.23 |
28.84 |
n/a |
1.95 |
7.57 |
68.40 |
0.95 |
31.97 |
0.89 |
|
MHP |
31.97 |
19.16 |
32.68 |
19.80 |
1.05 |
31.97 |
2.50 |
6.09 |
97.03 |
1.31 |
5.84 |
0.94 |
|
Agroton |
-1.76 |
12.74 |
25.39 |
-2.12 |
5.59 |
0.00 |
1.63 |
13.70 |
43.20 |
0.98 |
n/a |
1.17 |
|
IMC |
19.96 |
0.09 |
17.85 |
60.66 |
0.40 |
0.00 |
181.52 |
2.76 |
20.21 |
0.66 |
n/a |
2.44 |
|
KSG Agro |
67.51 |
n/a |
37.67 |
80.55 |
n/a |
0.00 |
1.92 |
4.53 |
25.65 |
1.23 |
9.76 |
2.56 |
|
Source: Bloomberg
Appendix 7. Concentration of markets
Figure 50. Market concentration by sectors & domestic market position
|
<1000 - competitive market |
100-1800 – competitive/ monopoly |
≥ 1800 monopoly market |
Bulk oil Ihh = 3464 |
|
|
1st place – 36% |
Bottled oil Ihh = 3078 |
|
|
1st place – 32% |
Grain Ihh = 1498 |
|
3rd place – 8% |
|
Source: Bloomberg, KNU estimates
Appendix 8. Supply chain disruption risk
Figure 51. VAR model for evaluation the influence of supply chain disruption risk
Vector autoregression model is the generalization of the autoregression models in case of many variables.
Their advantage is the fact that they can be used not only as the way of forecasting, but they also allow to examine the dynamic interconnection between the variables.
The utility for our segment analysis is that this instrument allows us to find the function of impulse reaction and variance decomposition of segmental EBIT margin.
Function of the impulse reaction represents the trajectory the dependant variable follows in case of unit impulse of a random variable occurs in the equation that denotes another variable. Moving to our segments, they enable to evaluate the influence of random event happened in a particular segment on all the other segments.
The decomposition of the variance allows analyzing the origins of the variance of forecast error. It also the indicator of amount of information each variable contributes to the other variables in the autoregression. Therefore, it could be used to determine which segment is dependent on which. The greater percent of the variance is explained by other variable, the greater causation effect of that variable.
Frequency: quarterly data
Period: 2009Q3-2013Q1
Lags: 2 (based on Schwarz information criterion)
