37. What is gastritis (both chronic and acute), it’s cause, symptoms and treatment?

Gastritis is an inflammation of the mucus lining of the stomach. There is acute and chronic gastritis.

• Acute gastritis has sudden onset, and caused by the infection ( bacteria, viruses, protozoa), irritation, mad meal habits (spice food, hot food etc)

• The cause of chronic gastritis is still unknown, but the scientist believe, that they are psycho-somatic disorders, autoimmune disorders and chilobacteria piloris ( active when the there is the loss of immunity present)

But the factors , that contribute the chronic gastritis are: poor nutrition, tobacco, alcohol, stress, prolonged medication, endocrine diseases, metabolic diseases and allergens factors.

The symptoms are: nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, fever, headache, muscle aches, blood in stool, blood in vomiting, loss of appetite, loss of weight.

The treatment for acute gastritis are: antacid (if there is hyper secretion of the gastric acid), antibiotics ( if there is inflammation or bacterial cause)

The treatment for chronic gastritis are: diet ( fat free, spice free, salt free, not fried or grilled food – only boiled, steamed vegetables, fruits ( except apples and all citrus which can be sour), no alcohol, no smoking.

Also protoinhibitors to decrease gastric acid production.

38. What is ulcerative colitis, it’s cause, symptoms, treatment and complications?

Ulcerative colitis is the inflammation of the mucous tunic of the colon, characterized by the formation of the ulcers on the surface of the colon. The cause of ulcerative colitis are infection, autoimmune diseases, genetic factors, environmental factors.

The symptoms are: abdominal pain, pain in joints, bloody diarrhea, bleeding ulcer on the colon, swelling of the colon tissue, mucus in the stool, bloating ingestion, heartburn, fever, weakness, fatigue..

The treatment depends of severity of the disease. Mild attacks of ulcerative colitis are treated by antidiarrheal drugs, rest and diet. Sever attacks of ulcerative colitis are treated by antibiotics, anti-inflammatory drugs, immunosuppressant, steroids and pain-killers. The patient must be operated.

The complication include perforation of the colon, parasites, anemia, inflammation of the eyes, arthritis and cancer.

39. What is appendicitis, its cause and symptoms? What treatment methods for the appendicitis do you know?

Appendicitis is an inflammation of the vermiform appendix, attached to the large intestine and located in the right lower area of the abdomen. The appendix has got appendix has got appendicle lumen; the appendix produces mucus, which travels trough the appendicle lumen into the large intestine.

Obstruction of the appendicle lumen is cause of appendicitis. The mucus accumulates in the appendix, causing bacteria that normally live in it, to multiply. Sources of obstruction are:

• Fecal stones

• Parasites (helminthes)

• Enlarged lymph tissue in the wall of the appendix, caused by the infection from the gastrointestinal tract or elsewhere in the body

• Ulcerative colitis, chronic colitis, chronic enteritis

• Swallowed foreign bodies (grape stones, fish bones, husks of the sunflowers seeds etc.)

The symptoms are: pain in the right lower abdomen region. The abdomen is sharply tense, rebound

tenderness during palpation, nausea and vomiting; constipation or diarrhea; fever; leukocytosis.

Appendicitis is treated by removing of the inflamed appendix. But in case of mild chronic appendicitis

or in case when the patient is not well enough to undergo the operation use the conservative

(nonsurgical) treatment with antibiotics.