- •Infectious disease
- •What infectious diseases do you know? What are children’s infectious diseases? Define the infection disease you know?
- •What may infectious disease caused by?
- •What is the classification of infectious disease according to the way of infectioning?
- •4. What is immunity? What types of immunity do you know? Describe the types?
- •5 . What is influenza, its cause, way of transmission, symptoms, treatment and complications?
- •6. What is chicken-pox, its cause, way of transmission, symptoms, treatment and complications?
- •7. What is diphtheria, its cause, way of transmission, symptoms, treatment and complications?
- •8. What is tuberculosis? What are its form?
- •9. Describe the clinical picture of the tuberculosis and its treatment.
- •14. What are the ways of getting aids virus into the human body?
- •15. What rules should one fallow to reduce the risk of infection with aids?
- •16. What do you know about aids treatment?
- •Cardiovascular disease
- •17. What is the structure of cardiovascular system? Name the main organs, describe their anatomy?
- •18. Speak of the heart and its structure.
- •19. Describe the blood circulation in the human body.
- •20. What are the phase of heartbeat?
- •21. Name and define the most common cardiovascular diseases.
- •22. What is myocardial infarction? What may be cause of it?
- •24. What are the most prominent symptoms of hypertension?
- •25. What are the most frequently complications of hypertension?
- •26. What the difference in clinical picture of myocardial infarction and angina pectoris?
- •32. What is haemoblastosis? What factors can provoke it?
- •33. What are the main theories explaining the etiology of haemoblastosis?
- •34. What does the digestive system consist of?
- •35. Describe the process of digestion?
- •36. What the principle function of the gastrointestinal tract?
- •37. What is gastritis (both chronic and acute), it’s cause, symptoms and treatment?
- •38. What is ulcerative colitis, it’s cause, symptoms, treatment and complications?
- •39. What is appendicitis, its cause and symptoms? What treatment methods for the appendicitis do you know?
- •40. What is peritonitis? Describe its clinical manifestations. How to manage this pathology?
32. What is haemoblastosis? What factors can provoke it?
Haemoblastosis is proliferation of haemopoietic tissue, which can be diffuse or focal; it’s disease of the whole blood system characterized by:
Hyperplasia of the cell in the haemopoitic organs
Dominating of pathological cells under normal cells of the haemopoietic organs
Development of pathological cells of haemopoiesis in various organs
It’s rather rare disease. There are some factor which can provoke haemoblastosis and growth of tumer – concerigenic substance and radition.
33. What are the main theories explaining the etiology of haemoblastosis?
There are two theories of the etiology of haemoblastosis and tumors.
Virus theory – nowadays more than 20 viruses which can cause haemoblastosis in animals, were isolated, but attempt to isolate the virus of the main form haemoblastosis in man failed.
Genetic theory – according to it, haemoblastosis develops due to congenital or acquired damage of the chromosome structures. Also the newest one- the clone theory according to which haemoblastosis arise due to primary chromosome mutation in one of the haemopoietic cells.
Gastrointestinal diseases
34. What does the digestive system consist of?
The digestive system consists of the organs and glands responsible for the ingestion (or swallowing) and digestion the food. The gastrointestinal tract begins with mouth (oral cavity). It contains 32 teeth, tongue, two gums (upper and lower ), soft and hard palate and salivary glands. There is throat, esophagus, stomach (fundus, body, antrum\ cardiac sphincter ( between esophagus and stomach) and pyloric sphincter ( between stomach and small intestinal), small intestinal (duodenum, jejunum and ileum), large intestinal (caecum with appendix, colon (ascending, transverse, descending and sigmoid) and rectum). The terminal part of the digestive tract is anus (internal and external sphincter)
Glands : salivary glands, gastric glands (- produce gastric juice ), pancreas and liver ( the largest gland of the body)
35. Describe the process of digestion?
In the oral cavity the food crushed by the teeth, mixed with the help of the tongue and moistened with the help of saliva – the bolus is formed and swallowed with the help of pharynx. The bolus moves down the esophagus to the stomach ( through the cardiac sphincter). In the stomach the food is broken down with the help of hydrochloric acid, pepsin and enzymes by wave-like movements of the stomach. Through the pyloric sphincter the food goes from stomach to the duodenum, where it ‘s digestion continuous with the help of bile and pancreatic juice. In small intestine absorbs nutrients and water and in large intestine absorbs also water and some ions. The rectum is depot for the wastes, which are eliminated through the anus.
36. What the principle function of the gastrointestinal tract?
The functions of gastrointestinal tract are:
To convert complex of food into simple substance, that may be absorbed into the blood stream for the nourishment of the body
To transport the products of digestion to the point of their absorption into the blood and to the point of the removal of wastes from the body.
To excrete the wastes materials