Modern (new) english phonological system

36. Who first studied The Great Vowel Shift? Choose the correct answer.

1. Verner;

2. Grimm;

3. Otto Jespersen;

4. Plotkin.

37. Complete the statement. The Great Vowel Shift took place…

a) in England before 1100 and continued long after 1800.

b) in England before 1400 and continued long after 1700.

c) in Scotland between 1150 and 1650.

d) in Wales between 1150 and 1650.

38. What major linguistic change does this diagramme illustrate? Choose the correct answer.

a) Second Consonant Shift;

b) First Consonant Shift;

c) Great Vowel Shift;

d) Grimm’s Law.

Diagramme 1.

39. Read the statements and choose the correct letter.

The essence of the Great Vowel Shift lies in the process when the long vowels began to shorten. The short vowels DID NOT shift.

1. false;

2. true;

3. it’s impossible;

4. hardly ever

40. Briefly we can summarise that the Great Vowel Shift resulted in the following changes. Match the columns and choose the correct letter.

a) 1, 6(1) ; 2, 1,(6) ; 3, 2 ; 4,7 ; 5, 3; 6, 4 ; 7, 5 ;

b) a) 1, 6(1) ; 2, 1,(6) ; 3, 2 ; 4,3 ; 5, 7; 6, 4 ; 7, 5 ;

c) a) 1, 6(1) ; 2, 1,(6) ; 3, 2 ; 4,7 ; 5, 3; 6, 5 ; 7, 4 ;

d) a) 1, 6(1) ; 2, 1,(6) ; 3, 7 ; 4,2 ; 5, 3; 6, 4 ; 7, 5 ;

	[ɛː]		[iː]
	[eː]		[aɪ]
	[iː]		[uː]
	[ɔː]		[aʊ]
	[oː]		[eɪ]
	[uː]		[iː]
	[aː]		[əʊ]

41. How many diphthong phonemes were there in late Middle English? Answer the question and find the correct letter.

a) There were eight diphthong phonemes in late Middle English.

b) There were nine diphthong phonemes in late Middle English.

c) There were seven diphthong phonemes in late Middle English.

d) There were six diphthong phonemes in late Middle English.

42. What new sounds appeared in New English (Early Modern) consonant system? Answer the question and chose the correct letter.

a) /ŋ/, / ʒ /:

b) / s /, / z /, / f/, / v /:

c) / z /, /ʧ /, / v /:

d) /ŋ/, /ʤ /

43. Match phonological changes in the period of New English (Early Modern) with the examples (Table ). Choose the correct variant.

a) 1, 2; 2,1; 3,4; 4,3; 5, 5;

b) 1, 3; 2,1; 3,4; 4,2; 5, 5;

c) 1, 2; 2, 1; 3,5; 4,3; 5, 4;

d) 1, 5; 2,1; 3,2; 4,4; 5, 3.

Table

1.	The sound /l/ was lost in combinations before k, m, f, v, d	1.	e. g. knight, knee, know, knock, knife, gnome, gnarl, gnat
2.	The consonants were lost in initial clusters: g and k in gn, kn: and also in such words as sword, two, towards. /h/ disappeared in many unstressed syllables e/g/ forehead, shepherd, Birmingham, Nottingham.	2.	e. g. talk, walk; folk, yolk, chalk calm, palm, balm, alms (but not in helm) half, calf (but wolf, elf) halves, should, could, would
3.	The sound /b/ was dropped in combination mb when at the end of the word and not followed by another consonant:	3.	e.g. wreath, write, wrong, wreck, wring, wrist, wrestle e. g. answer, conquer, Greenwich, Norwich.
4.	/w/was lost before mainly r at the beginning of the word and in unstressed syllables after a consonant in such words as	4.	e.g. forehead, shepherd, Birmingham, Nottingham
5.	/h/ disappeared in many unstressed syllables	5.	e.g. lamb, climb, tomb, bomb