- •Sample tests english phonology
- •Grimm’s Law;
- •Verner's Law;
- •Phonologization.
- •16. What process in oe do these examples illustrate? Choose the correct answer.
- •17.What process in oe do these examples illustrate? Choose the correct answer.
- •26. What process in oe do these examples illustrate? Choose the correct answer.
- •Middle english phonology
- •Vowels in Middle English were not similar to those of Old English.
- •Modern (new) english phonological system
- •Otto Jespersen;
- •Histotical grammar of the english language oe Verbs
- •45. Choose the incorrect letter.
- •47. Choose the correct letter.
- •Me verbs
- •Decrease of weak verbs.
- •True. EModE verbs
- •64. Choose the incorrect letter.
- •Oe nouns
- •The weak adjective declension;
- •The strong adjective declension;
- •Wiersa, wierrest, wierst;
- •Betera, betst;
- •The genitive case;
- •Development of english vocabulary and word-formation
- •Me period and formation of the national literary English
- •The Normans also didn’t control education.
- •Middle English, pilgrims, Canterbury Cathedral;
- •238. When did England found her first colony abroad?
- •240. American English is more like the English of Shakespeare than modern British English is. Analyse the statement and choose the correct letter.
- •Rhyming slang;
- •Slaughter, thrift, trust, window, flat, loose, low, odd, tight;
- •Graph, phone, telephone, phonograph, dictaphone, or appendicitis.
- •Fruit, fry, grape, gravy, gruel, herb, jelly, lemon, lettuce, mince;
- •Authority, bailiff, baron, chamberlain, chancellor, constable, coroner, council;
- •Accuse, adultery, advocate, arrest, arson, assault, assize, attorney, bail, bar;
- •Abbey, baptism, cardinal, cathedral, chant, chaplain, charity, clergy;
- •Guard, lieutenant, moat, navy, peace, retreat, sergeant, siege, soldier.
- •Pork, poultry, raisin, roast, salad, salmon, sardine, saucer, sausage, spice, stew, sugar;
- •Islet circlet, streamlet, ringlet, leaflet, booklet.
- •Disappoint, disdain, disagree ,disown, disburden;
- •282. In Early Modern English verbs are commonly produced from nouns and adjectives by means of conversion. Analyse the statement and choose the correct letter.
- •Miscellaneous
Middle english phonology
29. Choose the incorrect answer. Some processes which began in Old English were completed in Middle English.
a) formation of new sounds [ʧ] [ʃ], [ʤ].
b ) Pendulum-like movements of sounds (Germanic ɑ Old English æ Middle English ɑ).
Middle English had a number of French unassimilated sounds.
Vowels in Middle English were not similar to those of Old English.
30. Match phonological changes in the period of Middle English with the examples (Table) . Choose the correct variant.
a) 1, 5; 2,1; 3,4; 4,2; 5, 3;
b) 1, 3; 2,1; 3,4; 4,2; 5, 5;
c) 1, 5; 2,2; 3,4; 4,1; 5, 3;
d) 1, 5; 2,1; 3,2; 4,4; 5, 3.
Table 2
1. |
Late ME had only two vowels in unaccented syllables: [ə] and [i].
|
1. |
e.g. OE stān, rād – ME stone, rode [´stone], [´rode] – NE stone, rode. |
2. |
In ME when the ending –e survived only in spelling, it was understood as a means of showing the length of the vowel in the preceding syllable and was added to words which did not have this ending before. |
2. |
e.g. OE nama > ME name [na:mə] – NE name
|
3. |
Groups of two or more consonants (except from ld) produced the reverse effect: they made the preceding long vowels short, and henceforth all vowels in this position became or remained short. |
3. |
e.g. OE wild – ME wild [wi:ld] – NE wild.
|
4. |
ME short vowels became long in open syllables. |
4. |
e.g. OE cēpte > ME kepte [΄keptə] – NE kept. |
5. |
ME short vowels were lengthened before two consonants – a sonorant and a plosive. |
5. |
e.g. OE talu – ME tale [΄ta:lə] – NE tale, OE bodiз – ME body [΄bodi] – NE body. |
31. Match phonological changes in the period of Middle English with the examples (Table) . Choose the correct variant.
a) 1, 3; 2,2; 3,4; 4,2;
b) 1, 2; 2,3; 3,1; 4,4;
c) 1, 5; 2,2; 3,4; 4,1;
d) 1, 5; 2,1; 3,2; 4,4.
Table
1. |
In Early ME the long OE [a:] was narrowed to [o:]. |
1. |
e.g. OE dæз > ME day [dai]. |
2. |
The short OE [æ] was replaced in ME by the back vowel [a] |
2. |
e.g. OE stān – ME (Northern) stan(e), (other dialects) stoon, stone – NE stone. |
3. |
In Early ME the sounds [j] and [γ] between and after vowels changed into [i] and [u] and formed diphthongs together with the preceding vowels |
3. |
e.g. OE þǽt > ME that [Өat] > NE that.
|
4. |
In ME the glide -u developed from the other source as well OE [w]. |
4. |
OE snāw became ME snow [snou]. |
32. Match phonological changes in the period of Middle English with the examples Table 4. Choose the correct variant.
a) 1, 3; 2,2; 3,4; 4,2;
b) 1, 2; 2,3; 3,1; 4,4;
c) 1, 3; 2,2; 3,1; 4,4;
d) 1, 5; 2,1; 3,2; 4,4.
Table 4
1. |
h lost in clusters
|
1. |
e.g. OE hlaford, hlæfdige, heafod, hæfde >ME lord, ladi, hed, hadde ("lord," "lady," "head," "had") (sometimes retained: OE heofon, hræfn, dreflian > "heaven," "raven," "drivel") |
2. |
g became w after l and r: |
2. |
e.g. OE swelgan > ME swolwen ("swallow"), OE feolaga > ME felawe ("fellow"), OE morgen > ME morwen ("morning"), OE sorg > ME sorow ("sorrow"). |
3. |
fricative f/v tended to drop out before consonant+consonant or vowel+consonant |
3. |
e.g. OE hlæfdige > ME ladi ("lady"), OE hnecca > ME necke ("neck"), OE hræfn > ME raven. |
4. |
OE prefix ge- lost initial consonant and was reduced to y or i: |
4. |
e.g. OE genog > ME inough ("enough"). |
33. Choose the incorrect answer.
a) In the history of the English language the consonants were far more stable than the vowels.
b) Such consonants as [t], [d], [n], [l],[m],[k] have not been subjected to any alteration in ME.
c) Consonants of Middle English were not similar to those of Present Day.
d) loss of long consonants (OE mann > ME man).
34. Choose the incorrect answer.
a) There was no [ ŋ ] as in hung (velar nasal) and [ 3 ] as in measure in ME.
b) Phonemic voiced fricatives [v], [z], [ð] were added in ME period.
c) In ME unstressed final consonants tended to be lost after a vowel: OE ic > ME i, OE -lic > ME -ly (e.g. OE rihtlice > ME rihtly ("rightly").
d)final -n in many verbal forms wasn’t lost, e.g. OE cuman > Modern English come (the n remains in some past participles of strong verbs: seen, gone, taken).
35. Match phonological changes in the period of Middle English with the examples (Table ). Choose the correct variant.
a) 1, 2; 2,1; 3,4; 4,3; 5, 5;
b) 1, 3; 2,1; 3,4; 4,2; 5, 5;
c) 1, 5; 2,2; 3,4; 4,1; 5, 3;
d) 1, 5; 2,1; 3,2; 4,4; 5, 3.
Table
1. |
w generally dropped after s or t: |
1. |
lamb, comb, climb |
2. |
final b lost after m but retained in spelling |
2. |
OE sweostor > sister, |
3. |
initial stops in clusters gn- and kn- still pronounced |
3. |
OE ælc, swilc, hwilc, micel > each, such, which, much |
4. |
l was lost in the vicinity of palatal c in adjectival pronouns |
4. |
ME gnat, gnawen, knowen, knave, cniht ("gnat," "gnaw," "know," "knave," "knight") h often lost in unstressed positions: OE hit > ME it |
5. |
final -n also lost in possessive adjectives |
5. |
"my" (OE min > ME mi), "thy" (OE þin > ME þi) |