- •Sample tests english phonology
- •Grimm’s Law;
- •Verner's Law;
- •Phonologization.
- •16. What process in oe do these examples illustrate? Choose the correct answer.
- •17.What process in oe do these examples illustrate? Choose the correct answer.
- •26. What process in oe do these examples illustrate? Choose the correct answer.
- •Middle english phonology
- •Vowels in Middle English were not similar to those of Old English.
- •Modern (new) english phonological system
- •Otto Jespersen;
- •Histotical grammar of the english language oe Verbs
- •45. Choose the incorrect letter.
- •47. Choose the correct letter.
- •Me verbs
- •Decrease of weak verbs.
- •True. EModE verbs
- •64. Choose the incorrect letter.
- •Oe nouns
- •The weak adjective declension;
- •The strong adjective declension;
- •Wiersa, wierrest, wierst;
- •Betera, betst;
- •The genitive case;
- •Development of english vocabulary and word-formation
- •Me period and formation of the national literary English
- •The Normans also didn’t control education.
- •Middle English, pilgrims, Canterbury Cathedral;
- •238. When did England found her first colony abroad?
- •240. American English is more like the English of Shakespeare than modern British English is. Analyse the statement and choose the correct letter.
- •Rhyming slang;
- •Slaughter, thrift, trust, window, flat, loose, low, odd, tight;
- •Graph, phone, telephone, phonograph, dictaphone, or appendicitis.
- •Fruit, fry, grape, gravy, gruel, herb, jelly, lemon, lettuce, mince;
- •Authority, bailiff, baron, chamberlain, chancellor, constable, coroner, council;
- •Accuse, adultery, advocate, arrest, arson, assault, assize, attorney, bail, bar;
- •Abbey, baptism, cardinal, cathedral, chant, chaplain, charity, clergy;
- •Guard, lieutenant, moat, navy, peace, retreat, sergeant, siege, soldier.
- •Pork, poultry, raisin, roast, salad, salmon, sardine, saucer, sausage, spice, stew, sugar;
- •Islet circlet, streamlet, ringlet, leaflet, booklet.
- •Disappoint, disdain, disagree ,disown, disburden;
- •282. In Early Modern English verbs are commonly produced from nouns and adjectives by means of conversion. Analyse the statement and choose the correct letter.
- •Miscellaneous
26. What process in oe do these examples illustrate? Choose the correct answer.
fulian –fyllan (fill)
tallian–tellan (tell)
salian–sellan (sell)
a)palatalization;
b)gemination;
c) rhotacism ;
d) loss of consonants in certain positions.
27. Choose the incorrect answer.
a) Assimilative changes are the changes that never occurred in the language in specific surroundings.
b) There are two types of assimilation: regressive, progressive.
c) If a sound influences the preceding sound, the assimilation is regressive,
d) If it influences the following sound it is called progressive.
28. Match phonological changes in the period of Old English with their definitions and examples (Table ). Choose the correct variant.
a) 1, 3, 2; 2,4,3; 3, 4,2 ; 4,1,1; 5,6,6; 6, 5,5;
b) 1, 2, 3; 2,3,4; 3, 2,4 ; 4,1,1; 5,6,5; 6, 5,6;
c) 1, 2, 3; 2,3,4; 3, 4,2 ; 4,1,1; 5,6,6; 6, 5,5;
d)1, 2, 3; 2,3,4; 3, 2,3 ; 4,1,1; 5,6,6; 6, 5,5 Table
Phonological phenomenon |
Definition |
Examples |
1.Back, or Velar Mutation
|
1. This is the process of formation of a short diphthong from a simple short vowel when it is followed by a specific consonant. |
1. hard > heard (hard) herte >heorte (heart)
|
2 . Contraction |
2. Diphthongization of a root vowel under the influence of a back vowel (o or u) in the following syllable. |
2. sandian – sendan (to send) namnian – nemnan (to name) talian-tælan-tellan (to tell) |
3. Palatal mutation (i- umlaut) |
3. The essence of this phenomenon lies in loss of “h” and formation either a long vowel or a long diphong. |
3. hira – hiora (their) hefon – heofon (heaven) |
4. Breaking |
4. The essence of this change is that a back sound (a, o) changes its quality if there is a front sound (i) in the next syllable. |
4. sehen-sēon (see) tihan- tēon (accuse) fohan-fōn (catch) |
5. Diphthongization after palatal consonants |
5. The essence of this change is that sounds a and e that preceded h underwent several changes, mutating to diphthongs ea,ie and finally were reduced to i/y: |
5. naht – neaht-niht-nieht – nyht (night). |
6. Mutation before h |
6. Diphthongization may have resulted after palatal consonants sk’, k’ and j (sounds) (in spelling sc, c, ᵹ): |
6. skal- sceal (shall) ᵹæf - ᵹeaf (gave), scort – sceort (short), yong-ᵹeonᵹ, (young) |