Grimm’s Law;
Verner's Law;
Jespersen’s Law;
Horn’s Law.
12. Choose the incorrect answer.
a) Looking at Sanskrit forms and comparing them to Germanic ones Verner noticed that the placement of STRESS (ACCENT) affected how Indo-European consonants were shifted.
b) Karl Verner published his findings in the article “An exception to the first consonant shift” in one of the prestigious linguistic research journals.
c) According to K. Verner Law voiceless fricatives became voiced when they were in a voiced environment and the IndoEuropean stress was not on the preceding syllable.
d) Verner’s Law was discovered in the 18-th century.
13. What law do the examples in the table illustrate? Choose the correct answer.
s |
z z r |
snusós |
snușā́ |
νυός |
nurus |
snuzō |
|
snoru |
|
s
(later)
Grimm’s Law;
Verner's Law;
Jespersen’s Law;
Horn’s Law.
14. Find the missing term.
Historical process by which a phonetic difference of allophones becomes a difference between phonemes is called … ?
phonetics;
historical morphology;
historical syntax ;
Phonologization.
15. Find the incorrect letter.
The significance of Verner’s Law was in the following:
a) Verner proved that the First Consonant Shift was a systematic process.
b) It played an important role in the further etymological studies.
c) Verner’s Law was of great importance for the reconstruction of Proto-Indo-European stress.
d) Verner was a famous German linguist.
16. What process in oe do these examples illustrate? Choose the correct answer.
cirice ("church")
ceaster ("castle")
a)palatalization;
b)assimilation before t;
c) loss of consonants in certain positions;
d)germination.
17.What process in oe do these examples illustrate? Choose the correct answer.
(wæs, wǣron)
was, were
a)palatalization;
b)assimilation before t;
c) rhotacism ;
d)germination.
18. Choose the correct definition to the term “rhotacism”
a) is the conversion of a consonant (usually a voiced alveolar consonant — /z/, /d/, /l/, or /n/) to a rhotic consonant in a certain environment.
b) is a change in a vowel, originally caused by a change in stress or accent.
c) lengthening or doubling of consonants in certain positions mostly before [j], [l], [r]
d) The essence of this change is that the syllable that influenced the preceding vowel contained a back vowel – o or u, sometimes even a.
19. What process in OE do these examples illustrate? Choose the correct answer.
(wæs, wǣron)
was, were
a)palatalization;
b)assimilation before t;
c) rhotacism ;
d)germination.
20. What process in OE do these examples illustrate? Choose the correct answer.
ðridda- ðirda (third)
a)palatalization;
b)assimilation before t;
c) rhotacism ;
d) metathesis of r
21. What process in OE do these examples illustrate? Choose the correct answer.
fisc ("fish")
sceotan ("to shoot")
scearp ("sharp")
a)palatalization;
b)assimilation before t;
c) rhotacism ;
d) metathesis of r
22. What process in OE do these examples illustrate? Choose the correct answer.
fisc ("fish")
sceotan ("to shoot")
scearp ("sharp")
brycg ("bridge") [ʤ]
a)palatalization;
b)assimilation before t;
c) rhotacism ;
d) metathesis of r
23. What process in OE do these examples illustrate? Choose the correct answer.
sēcan- sōcte-sōhte (seek-sought)
a)palatalization;
b)assimilation before t;
c) rhotacism ;
d) metathesis of r
24. What process in OE do these examples illustrate? Choose the correct answer.
Bronhter – brōhter (brought)
fimf- fif (five)
a)palatalization;
b)assimilation before t;
c) rhotacism ;
d) loss of consonants in certain positions.
25. Choose the correct definition to the term “gemination”.
a) is the conversion of a consonant (usually a voiced alveolar consonant — /z/, /d/, /l/, or /n/) to a rhotic consonant in a certain environment.
b) is a change in a vowel, originally caused by a change in stress or accent.
c) lengthening or doubling of consonants in certain positions mostly before [j], [l], [r]
d) The essence of this change is that the syllable that influenced the preceding vowel contained a back vowel – o or u, sometimes even a.