Development of english vocabulary and word-formation

166. How many OE words do linguists estimate? Answer the question and choose the correct letter.

a) from 30 000 words to 100 000 words;

b) from 50 000 words to 100 000 words;

c) from 60 000 words to 100 000 words;

d) from 30 000 words to 150 000 words.

167. Analyse the statements and choose the correct letter.

a) The OE vocabulary was almost purely Latin.

b) The OE vocabulary was almost purely Greek.

c) The OE vocabulary was almost purely Germanic.

d) The OE vocabulary was almost purely Scandinavian.

168. What is a “native word”? Answer the question and choose the correct letter.

a) It is a word that was not borrowed from another language, but was inherited from an earlier stage of the language, i.e. a word that is not a loanword.

b) A word which belongs to the common IE layer and constitutes the oldest part of the OE vocabulary.

c) It is a word that can be found in all Germanic languages, old and new, eastern, western, northern.

d) It is a word that doesn’t occur in any other known language. These words are not numerous and don’t form a clear-cut semantic group.

169. What is “a common Germanic word”? Answer the question and choose the correct letter.

a) It is a word that was not borrowed from another language, but was inherited from an earlier stage of the language, i.e. a word that is not a loanword.

b) A word which belongs to the common IE layer and constitutes the oldest part of the OE vocabulary.

c) It is a word that can be found in all Germanic languages, old and new, eastern, western, northern.

d) It is a word that doesn’t occur in any other known language. These words are not numerous and don’t form a clear-cut semantic group.

170. What is “a common IE word”? Answer the question and choose the correct letter.

a) It is a word that was not borrowed from another language, but was inherited from an earlier stage of the language, i.e. a word that is not a loanword.

b) A word which belongs to the common IE layer and constitutes the oldest part of the OE vocabulary.

c) It is a word that can be found in all Germanic languages, old and new, eastern, western, northern.

d) It is a word that doesn’t occur in any other known language. These words are not numerous and don’t form a clear-cut semantic group.

171. What is “a specifically OE word”? Answer the question and choose the correct letter.

a) It is a word that was not borrowed from another language, but was inherited from an earlier stage of the language, i.e. a word that is not a loanword.

b) A word which belongs to the common IE layer and constitutes the oldest part of the OE vocabulary.

c) It is a word that can be found in all Germanic languages, old and new, eastern, western, northern.

d) It is a word that doesn’t occur in any other known language. These words are not numerous and don’t form a clear-cut semantic group.

172. What is “a west Germanic word”? Answer the question and choose the correct letter.

a) It is a word that was not borrowed from another language, but was inherited from an earlier stage of the language, i.e. a word that is not a loanword.

b) A word which belongs to the common IE layer and constitutes the oldest part of the OE vocabulary.

c) It is a word that has parallels only in the West Germanic languages, sometimes only in one of them.

d) It is a word that doesn’t occur in any other known language. These words are not numerous and don’t form a clear-cut semantic group.

173. Find Common IE words and choose the correct letter.

a) ceald (cold), wæter (water), stān (stone), snāw (snow), mere (sea), sunne (sun) mōna (moon), dæᵹ (day), nyht (night);

b) hond (hand), hors (horse),eorðe(earth), land (land), sand (sand), sǣ (sea);

c) ʒreat, sceap, macian;

d) bridda (bird), wōᵹian (to woo, to court), scirrefa /sheriff,ōwef (woof).

174. Find Common Germanic words and choose the correct letter.

a) ceald (cold), wæter (water), stān (stone), snāw (snow), mere (sea), sunne (sun) mōna (moon), dæᵹ (day), nyht (night);

b) hond (hand), hors (horse),eorðe(earth), land (land), sand (sand), sǣ (sea);

c) ʒreat, sceap, macian;

d) bridda (bird), wōᵹian (to woo, to court), scirrefa /sheriff,ōwef (woof).

175. Find West Germanic words and choose the correct letter.

a) ceald (cold), wæter (water), stān (stone), snāw (snow), mere (sea), sunne (sun) mōna (moon), dæᵹ (day), nyht (night);

b) hond (hand), hors (horse),eorðe(earth), land (land), sand (sand), sǣ (sea);

c) ʒreat, sceap, macian;

d) bridda (bird), wōᵹian (to woo, to court), scirrefa /sheriff,ōwef (woof).

176. Find specifically English words and choose the correct letter.

a) ceald (cold), wæter (water), stān (stone), snāw (snow), mere (sea), sunne (sun) mōna (moon), dæᵹ (day), nyht (night);

b) hond (hand), hors (horse),eorðe(earth), land (land), sand (sand), sǣ (sea);

c) ʒreat, sceap, macian;

d) bridda (bird), wōᵹian (to woo, to court), scirrefa /sheriff,ōwef (woof).

177. What words were considered borrowings In OE? Answer the question and choose the correct letter.

a) Celtic and Latin words;

b) Greek and Latin words;

c) Scandinavian and Germanic words;

d) Scandinavian and Celtic words.

178. Find Celtic words and choose the correct letter.

a) ceald (cold), wæter (water), stān (stone), snāw (snow), mere (sea), sunne (sun) mōna (moon), dæᵹ (day), nyht (night);

b) hond (hand), hors (horse),eorðe(earth), land (land), sand (sand), sǣ (sea);

c) ʒreat, sceap, macian;

d) dūn (dum), (down) (hill), dun (brown); binn (bin); uisge (water)> Exe, Usk, Esk; (later whiskey); amhuin (river) > Avon, Evon; Llyn – dūn ( fortress) > Londinium; Loch (lake).

179. How many layers were Latin words in OE classified into? Answer the question and choose the correct letter.

a) 2;

b) 3;

c) 5;

d) 4.

180. Find Latin words of the first layer and choose the correct letter.

a) ceald (cold), wæter (water), stān (stone), snāw (snow), mere (sea), sunne (sun) mōna (moon), dæᵹ (day), nyht (night);

b) hond (hand), hors (horse),eorðe(earth), land (land), sand (sand), sǣ (sea);

c) ʒreat, sceap, macian;

d) mynet (mint – Lat. moneta), pund (pound – Lat. pondo), ynce (ounce– Lat. uncial).

181. Find Latin words of the second layer and choose the correct letter.

a) ceald (cold), wæter (water), stān (stone), snāw (snow), mere (sea), sunne (sun) mōna (moon), dæᵹ (day), nyht (night);

b) hond (hand), hors (horse),eorðe(earth), land (land), sand (sand), sǣ (sea);

c) ʒreat, sceap, macian;

d) candel (candle), enᵹel (angel), crǣda (creed), ymn (hymn), martyr (martyr), pāpa (pope), mæsse (mess).

182. Find OE nouns (focus attention on the suffixes) and choose the correct letter.

a) fiscere, bōcere , wrītere;

b) bysiʒ , hāliʒ , mistiʒ , wēriʒ;

c) dēādlic, frēōndlic, ʒēarlīc;

d) carfull , sinnfull , slǽplēās , griðlēās.

183. Find OE nouns (focus attention on the suffixes) and choose the correct letter.

a) frēond , dēmend, hǣlend, waldend;

b) bysiʒ , hāliʒ , mistiʒ , wēriʒ;

c) dēādlic, frēōndlic, ʒēarlīc;

d) carfull , sinnfull , slǽplēās , griðlēās.

184. Find OE nouns (focus attention on the suffixes) and choose the correct letter.

a) ʒōdnis, swētnes, lenʒðu, strenʒðu;

b) bysiʒ , hāliʒ , mistiʒ , wēriʒ;

c) dēādlic, frēōndlic, ʒēarlīc;

d) carfull , sinnfull , slǽplēās , griðlēās.

185. Find OE nouns (focus attention on the suffixes) and choose the correct letter.

a) wīsdōm, frēodōm,cildhād, weoruldhād;

b) bysiʒ , hāliʒ , mistiʒ , wēriʒ;

c) dēādlic, frēōndlic, ʒēarlīc;

d) carfull , sinnfull , slǽplēās , griðlēās.

186. Find OE nouns (focus attention on the suffixes) and choose the correct letter.

a) bysiʒ , hāliʒ , mistiʒ , wēriʒ;

b) rēoflāc, scinlāc , rǽden, frēondrǽden, mannrǽden;

c) dēādlic, frēōndlic, ʒēarlīc;

d) carfull , sinnfull , slǽplēās , griðlēās.

187. Find OE nouns (focus attention on the suffixes) and choose the correct letter.

a) bysiʒ , hāliʒ , mistiʒ , wēriʒ;

b) rēoflāc, scinlāc , rǽden, frēondrǽden, mannrǽden;

c) dēādlic, frēōndlic, ʒēarlīc;

d) carfull , sinnfull , slǽplēās , griðlēās.

188. Find OE adjectives (focus attention on the suffixes) and choose the correct letter.

a) frēond , dēmend, hǣlend, waldend;

b) rēoflāc, scinlāc , rǽden, frēondrǽden, mannrǽden;

c) wīsdōm, frēodōm,cildhād, weoruldhād;

d) dēādlic, frēōndlic, ʒēarlīc.

189. Find OE adjectives (focus attention on the suffixes) and choose the correct letter.

a) frēond , dēmend, hǣlend, waldend;

b) rēoflāc, scinlāc , rǽden, frēondrǽden, mannrǽden;

c) wīsdōm, frēodōm,cildhād, weoruldhād;

d) carfull , sinnfull , slǽplēās , griðlēās.

190. Find the OE words which were formed by prefixation. Choose the correct letter.

a) a-faran, be-settan, for-don, fore-sec , ze-rinnan, mis-cwe ;

b) carfull , sinnfull , slǽplēās , griðlēās;

c) eorþcræft, hūsbonda, hāligdæg, gōdspel, sunnandæg ;

d) wīsdōm, frēodōm,cildhād, weoruldhād.

191. Find the OE words which were formed by composition. Choose the correct letter.

a) a-faran, be-settan, for-don, fore-sec , ze-rinnan, mis-cwe ;

b) carfull , sinnfull , slǽplēās , griðlēās;

c) eorþcræft, hūsbonda, hāligdæg, gōdspel, sunnandæg ;

d) wīsdōm, frēodōm,cildhād, weoruldhād.

192. Find the OE kennings. Choose the correct letter.

a) sweord-freca, here- rinc;

b) a-faran, be-settan, for-don, fore-sec, ze-rinnan, mis-cwe ;

c) carfull, sinnfull , slǽplēās , griðlēās;

d) eorþcræft, hūsbonda, hāligdæg, gōdspel, sunnandæg .