Connection of phonetics with other linguistic disciplines

Discipline	Ways of connection	Examples
Phonetics and grammar
Phonetics and lexicology
Phonetics and stylistics

7. Characterize the speech sounds from the acoustic point of view.

8. Characterize the speech sounds from the articulatory point of view.

9. Characterize the speech sounds from the linguistic point of view. Explain the difference between phonemes and allophones.

10. Explain the difference between distinctive (relevant) and non-distinctive (irrelevant) features of allophones.

11. Give examples to prove that the following features of the English consonants and vowels are distinctive.

Consonants

Distinctive features	Examples
orality - nasality	rap – map (oral [r] – nasal [m] in the same phonetic context)
voiceless articulation – voiced articulation
labial articulation – lingual articulation
labial articulation – glottal articulation
frontness – backness
plosiveness - constrictiveness

Vowels

Distinctive features	Examples
stable articulation – unstable articulation
front articulation – back-articulation
close articulation – open articulation

12. Give examples of minimal pairs matching the given oppositions of consonants, and vowels.

Classificatory principle	Opposition	Examples
CONSONANTS
1. Active organ of speech and the place of articulation	a. labial vs. lingual b. lingual vs. glottal c. labial bilabial vs. labio-dental
2. Manner of the production of noise	a. occlusive (stops) vs. constrictive b. constrictive – affricates c. occlusive noise vs. sonants
3. Work of the vocal cords and the force of exhalation	a. voiceless fortis vs. voiced lenis
4. Position of the soft palate	a. oral vs. nasal
VOWELS
1. Position of the tongue(horizontal movement)	a. front vs. central b. back vs. central
2. Position of the tongue (vertical movement)	a. close(high) vs. mid-open(mid) b. open(low) vs. mid-open(mid)
3. Degree of tenseness (based on the historical length of vowels: historically long vowels are tense, while historically short vowels are lax)	a. tense vs. lax
4. Position of the lips	a. rounded vs. unrounded
5. Stability of articulation	a. monophthongs vs. diphthongs b. diphthongs vs. monophthongs