1Basic Terminology. What is translation? Lkexb

2The Original Source text.The Target text.

2) A source textin translation is the original text that is to be translated into another language.

source language - The language from which a translation is done.

target text -The finished product of a translated text, often abbreviated as TT

target language - The language into which a translation is done.

The translator makes possible an exchange of information between the users of different languages by producing in the target language (TL or the translating language) a text which has an identical communicative value with the source (or original) text (ST). This target text (TT, that is the translation) is not fully identical with ST as to its form or content due to the limitations imposed by the formal and semantic differences between the source language (SL) and TL. Nevertheless the users of TT identify it with ST - functionally, structurally and semantically.

3Illustrate the impossibility of absolute equivalence in translation (from English into Russian).

4The grammatical or formal level of equivalence.

См. тетрадь, тема typesofequivalence, можно добавить к грамматической:

On this level, the most possible semantic semilarity between the source and target sentences is found: Every mother loves her children. – Каждаяматьлюбитсвоихдетей. Iwillwriteyoueveryweek. – Я буду писать тебе каждую неделю.As a matter of fact, this is a word for word translation where each word and the whole structure retains its lexical and grammatical meaning, the situation designated by the sentences is identical, and the communicative function of the utterances is the same. Every form of the target sentence is equal, with no variations, to that of the source language sentence. Therefore, this level might becalled the level of formal equivalence.

5The Category of Gender and Conjugation in translation.

Вот на этот вопрос я ничего хорошего не нашла-ну здесь можно сказать о том, что в отличие от английского языка в русском есть категория рода, и наоборот, в английском гораздо больше временных различий, нежели в русском.There are two genders properly so called: Masculine and Feminine. The distinction of male and female in nature is called sex. The distinction between Masculine and Feminine in words is called Gender.The English language, unlike most others, applies the distinction of Masculine and Feminine only to the names of persons and animals: man, woman; boy, girl; lion, lioness. Nouns which denote things without animal life are said to be ['njuːtə] Neuter or of Neuter Gender, from the Latin word neuter, neither (i.e, neither masculine nor feminine) : iron, stone, river.

Infinitive go Past went Imperative go PresentParticiple(Participle I) going PastParticiple (Participle II) gone

Инфинитив идти Настоящее время я иду мы идём, идем ты идёшь, идешь вы идёте, идете он, она идёт, идет они идут Прошедшее время он шёл, шел мы, вы, они шли она шла оно шло Причастиеидущий шедший Деепричастие идя (не) шедши Повелительное накл. иди идите