Яковлева (юниты 45-50) 1. Idioms of comparison

1. as cool as a cucumber	невозмутимый, спокойный, хладнокровный	Cool here means imperturbable rather than having a low temperature. Cucumbersarecooltothetouch.
		First recorded in John Gay's Poems, New Song on New Similies, 1732:
		"I ... cool as a cucumber could see The rest of womankind."
2. be as dead as a doornail	мертвее мёртвого	This is old - at least 14th century. There's a reference to it in print in 1350:
		"For but ichhauebote of mi bale I am ded as dorenail."
		Shakespeare used it in King Henry VI, Part 2.
3. (person) as deaf as a post	глухой как пень,глухая тетеря
4. be (as) fit as a fiddle	в добром здравии; как нельзя лучше; совсем здоров; в прекрасном настроении	'Fit' didn't originally mean healthy and energetic, in the sense it is often used nowadays to describe the inhabitants of gyms. When this phrase was coined 'fit' was used to mean 'suitable, seemly', in the way we now might say 'fit for purpose'
5.as goodasgold	«золотце», очень хороший, добрый; послушный	When banknotes (known as bills in the USA and some other countries) were first introduced they were promissory notes or IOUs. Gold or silver was real money as it had intrinsic value. So, 'as good as gold' ought really to be 'as genuine as gold', but the more usual meaning of 'good' has taken precedence over the years and left us with the usual meaning of the phrase.
6. (as) keenasmustard	полный энтузиазма, одержимый	Mustard was an essential accompaniment to beef. It became associated with vigour and enthusiasm because it added zest and flavour. People and things weren't just like mustard, they were mustard. Thephrase 'hotstuff' comesfromthesamenotion.
7. aslargeaslife	во всей красе, собственной персоной, на самом деле; провалиться мне на этом месте	"As large as life and twice as natural" is a quotation from Lewis Carroll's "Alice's Adventures through the the Looking Glass". The jazz/blues/rock musician Davey Graham used it as the title of an album in the 1960s, which helped to popularise the phrase among people who had never read Lewis Carroll.
8. lightas a feather	невесомый, лёгкий как пух; лёгкий как пёрышко
9. as old as the hills	Древний, как мир.
10. as plain as the nose on one's face	очевидный, само собой разумеющийся
11. assafeashouses	как за каменной стеной; совершенно надёжный	'This expression means 'perfectly safe', but some of the variants refer to physical safety, whereas others are used in the context of 'a sure bet'. As safe as houses, first recorded in 1859, has endured in both meanings to the present day.
12. thickasthieves	Связанные крепкой дружбой, закадычные друзья; водой не разольёшь

А. Match the idiom on the left with the correct definitions on the right.

1. be (as) fit as a fiddle

2. be as dead as a doornail

3. as good as gold

4. as cool as a cucumber

5. (as) keen as mustard

6. (person) as deaf as a post

7. as large as life

8. as plain as the nose on one's face

9. light as a feather

10. thick as thieves

11. as old as the hills

12. as safe as houses

а. verycalmorverycalmly, especiallywhenthisissurprising

b. tobeveryhealthyand strong

c.to be very close friends and share secrets, etc.

d.of very long standing or very great age

e. (of a child) to behave very well

f. used as a way of describing a person you see, and are surprised to see, in a particular place

g.completely safe

h.to be clearly and obviously dead

i.very obvious

j.completely deaf

k.extremely light and insubstantial

l.very eager and interested in everything

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В.Translate into English

1. Секрет её успеха в том, что она одержима своей работой.

2. Пожалуйста, говорите громче, эта глухая тетеря ничего не слышит!

3. Поднимаю глаза и вижу Бреда Питта собственной персоной! Приснится же такое!

4. Эта история передаётся из поколение в поколение, она древна как мир.

5. Женщина должна быть за любимым человеком, как за каменной стеной.

6. Мы были закадычными друзьями в школе, но, к сожалению, сейчас не общаемся.

7. Девочка весь день была послушна и хорошо себя вела, за что вечером мама купила ей вкусное мороженое

8. Убедившись, что крыса мертвее мёртвого, она перестала кричать.

9. Они постоянно ходят в походы, потому их дети закалены и прекрасно ориентируются на местности.

10. Не смотря на преклонный возраст, моя бабушка чувствует себя прекрасно.

11. Тебе нужно научиться сохранять хладнокровие даже в самых сложных ситуациях.

12. Этот шёлковый платок лёгок как перышко благодаря уникальной китайской технологии.

2. Animal idioms

1. An early bird The early bird catches the worm.	«Жаворонок» / ранняяпташка / Кторановстаёт, тогоудачаждёт.
2. As the crow flies synonym: in a straight line	напрямик, кратчайшим путём.
3. They are dropping like flies	Они мрут как мухи
4. Someone would not hurt a fly	Кто-то мухи не обидит
5. There are no flies on her	Её не проведёшь.она абсолютно безупречный человек; комар носу не подточит
6. To get butterflies in one's stomach	Сильно нервничать/ сосёт под ложечкой/ чувствовать себя не в своей тарелке.
7. Thebee'sknees	Первый парень на деревне/ пуп земли.	In the 18th century this was used as a synonym for smallness, but has since disappeared from the language later it changed the meaning.
8. Water off a duck's back	Как с гуся вода/ всё сходит с рук/ выходит сухим из воды.
9. Cookedone'sgoose	Устроить весёлую жизнь/ показать где раки зимуют/ Может употребляться в значении: он сам роет себе могилу.
10. Henparty	девичник
11. Parrotfashion	повторять как попугай/ бездумно заучивать/ зубрить.
12. To knock someone down with a feather	ошеломить, обескуражить кого-то.

А. Match the idiom with the correct definition or sentence with this phrase:

1. Cooked one's goose

2. Parrotfashion

3. To knock someone down with a feather

4. To get butterflies in one's stomach

5. They are dropping like flies

6. There are no flies on her

7. As the crow flies

8. An early bird

9. Not to hurt a fly

10. Water off a duck's back

11. Henparty

12.Thebee'sknees

a. If you say that someone, you mean they are gentle and would not do anything to injure or offend anyone.

b. describes a distance when measured in a straight line between two points or places

c. to be excellent or of an extremely high standard

Have you tried this ice-cream? It's , it really is.

d. (of a person or vehicle) strike or collide with someone so as to cause them to fall to the ground

e. criticisms of or warnings to a particular person that have no effect on that person

I've told him that he's heading for trouble, but he doesn't listen –

it's just .

f. To ruin someone hopelessly;destroy one's future expectations or good name.

g. I began to wondering what was wrong.

h. If you learn or repeat a piece of text , you learn or repeat the exact words, usually without understanding them.

i. There used to be over twenty of us in our aerobics class but they're .

j. a person who rises, arrives, or acts before the usual or expected time.

k. a party for women only, usually one held for a woman before she is married

l. It would appear that on your uncle. I think you have to tell him the truth.

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В. TranslateintoEnglish:

1. Я знаю выражение «кто рано встает, того удача ждет», но, к сожалению, к жаворонкам не отношусь.

2. Интересно, сколько дней понадобится человеку, чтобы обогнуть земной шар, если идти напрямик по экватору?

3. В условиях загрязнения окружающей среды некоторые животные мрут как мухи.

4. На первый взгляд казалось, что новый преподаватель и мухи не обидит, но на экзамене он показал всем, где раки зимуют.

5. Она опытный преподаватель – ее не проведешь.

6. До экзамена я сильно нервничаю, а на экзамене стараюсь собраться.

7. Он считает себя первым парнем на деревне и некоторым девушкам это нравится.

8. Мой приятель никогда не делает домашние задания, но это сходит ему с рук.

9. Я была удивлена, узнав, что девичник – старая русская традиция – вечером перед свадьбой девушки садились вкруг со свечами и пели песни о расставании со свободой.

10. Я думаю, что бездумное заучивание дает кратковременный эффект - зазубренное быстро забывается.

3. Animal idioms

1. Donkey's years	Столет/целаявечность/ давненько / уймавремени	It is quite likely that donkey's ears was the earlier form and that it originated as rhyming slang, in an allusion to the length of the animal's ears. The migration from donkey's ears to donkey's years was aided by the belief that donkeys live a long time.
2. To talk the hind legs off a donkey	заболтать / заговорить кого-то
3. Donkeywork	горбатиться / ишачить
4. Lion'sshareofsomething	львиная доля (из басен Эзопа)	It comes from very famous fable which was written by Aesop.
5. Togetone'sgoat	раздражать / ненавидеть / бесить
6. Gonetothedogs	псу под хвост / катиться в пропасть
7. To get out of the rat race	крысиные бега / бешенная гонка за успехом
8. Straight from the horse's mouth	из первых рук / из первых уст	It is a 20th century phrase. In horse racing circles tips on which horse is a likely winner circulate amongst punters. The notional 'from the horse's mouth' is supposed to indicate one step better than even that inner circle, i.e. the horse itself.
9. To look a gift horse in the mouth	смотреть зубы дареному коню / критиковать подарок	The phrase was originally "don't look a given horse in the mouth" and first appears in print in 1546.
		The advice given in the 'don't look...' proverb is: when given a present, be grateful for your good fortune and don't look for more by examining it to assess its value.
10. No room to swing a cat	теснота / повернуться негде	Whether the 'cat' was a real moggy or the flail-like whip used to punish sailors in the British Navy isn't clear.
11. Like a cat on hot bricks	быть как на иголках / на горячих углях
12. Till the cow's come home	целая вечность / до второго пришествия / бесконечно долго / до морковкиногозаговения	Cows are notoriously languid creatures and make their way home at their own unhurried pace. That's certainly the imagery behind 'till the cows come home' or 'until the cows come home', but the precise time and place of the coining of this colloquial phrase isn't known.
13. There are plenty more fish in the sea	на чем-то свет клином не сошелся

А. Match the idiom with the correct definition or sentence with this phrase:

1. Donkey work

2.To get out of the rat race

3.There are plenty more fish in the sea

4.To look a gift horse in the mouth

5. Donkey's years

6. To get one's goat

7.To talk the hind legs off a donkey

8. Lion's share of something

9.Like a cat on hot bricks

10.No room to swing a cat

11.Straight from the horse's mouth

12. Gone to the dogs

13.Till the cow's come home

a.She didn’t do much, but she got theof the attention from the teachers.

b.We have been close friends for.

c. a way of life in modern society, in which people compete with each other for power and money.

d.The boy's laziness all summer got his father's.

e.I could sit here and argue with you, but it wouldn't solve anything.

f.If you hear something, you hear it from the person who has direct personal knowledge of the matter.

g. said about a place or space that is very small.

h.said to advise someone not to refuse something good that is being offered.

i.Why should I do all thewhile you sit around doing nothing?

j.to talk without stopping for a long time.

k.If a country or organization is, it is becoming very much less successful than it was in the past.

l.describes someone who is in a state of extreme nervous worry.

m.used to say that there are many other people or possibilities, especially when one person or thing has been unsuitable or unsuccessful.

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В. TranslateintoEnglish:

1. Она заметно волновалась: сто лет прошло со дня их последней встречи.

2. Человек, обладающий даром заговорить кого угодно, может преуспеть в некоторых профессиональных областях.

3. Римляне говорят, что родились уже уставшими и жизнь нужна им, чтобы отдохнуть – горбатиться не в их правилах.

4. Львиную долю студентов московских вузов отчисляют с первого курса.

5. Иногда манеры других людей раздражают, в этот момент лучше подумать, а не раздражаем ли кого-нибудь мы сами.

6. После осознания, что все затраченные усилия полетели псу под хвост, сложно найти в себе силы, чтобы начать все сначала.

7. В бешенной гонке за успехом главное не упустить что-то важное, а то они превратятся в бег ради бега.

8. Если вы хотите обладать достоверной информацией, вам следует получать ее из первых рук.

9. Ей сложно угодить с подарком из-за привычки смотреть зубы дареному коню.

10. Теснота жилья ее не смутила: с милым рай и в шалаше.

11. В ожидании новогодних подарков моя маленькая сестра весь вечер была как на иголках.

12. В детстве было ощущение, что до окончания школы еще целая вечность, не успели глазом моргнуть – уже студенты.

13. На нём свет клином не сошёлся, я уверена, что ты встретишь хорошего человека.

4. Idiomsofcomparison

1. golike a bomb	нестись, мчаться во весь опор, быть очень успешным.
2. tosleeplikealog	спать без задних ног, пушкой не разбудишь, быть без сознания, неподвижно "как бревно".
3. to stand out like a sore thumb	быть очевидным, само собой разумеющимся; бросаться в глаза;
4. like a sieve	дырявая как решето (о памяти), девичья память
5. to quake like a leaf	дрожать как осиновый лист
6. like a ton of bricks	изо всех сил, с огромной силой, неистово, из кожи лезть
7. a fish out of water	чувствовать себя как рыба, вытащенная из воды
8. like a house on fire	быстро и легко; энергично, с энтузиазмом, быстро и легко продвигаться вперёд;	The idiom was created by Irving: at it they went like five hundred houses on fire. (‘Knickerbocker'sHistoryofNewYork’, 1809)
9. to know the back of one's hand	знать как свои пять пальцев, обвести вокруг пальца.
10. to smoke like a chimney	дымить как труба, дымить как паровоз (о заядлом курильщике)
11. to go like hot cakes	раскупаться, идти нарасхват

A. Chose the best idiom (a, b or c) to complete the sentences bellow.

1.is a person in a completely unsuitable environment or situation.

a. To be ill at ease b.A fish out of water c. To feel like a cat in a strange garret

2. Here, I'll write those things down. I have a memory like .

a. a sieve b. an elephant c. an angel

3. It makes me feel just likein the breeze in the morning but still asleep slowly falling to the ground without a sound.

a. potato b. stick c. leaf

4. If the evidence is available against me, he'll be down on me like.

a. crazy b.a cow c. a ton of bricks

5. Suits like that go like in London.

a. a bomb b.a charm c.a shot

6. To know something likeit means to be entirely familiar with a place or route.

a. like a shag on a rock b. the back of one's hand c. a bump on a log

7. Somebody whoin a restaurant ought to be thrown out.

a. eatsless b. eats likea dose of salts c. smokes like a chimney

8. The girl would go off like, of course, but she needn't take the first call that came along.

a.a bull in a china shop b. hot cakes c. like gangbusters

9. And I'll bet you'll learn Italian like .

a. a house on fire b.a forest fire c.a scalded cat

10. If someone or something sticks out like, everyone notices them because they are very different from the other people or things around them.

a.a wet week b.a clock c. a sore thumb

11. I must have been a pitiful object. I just lay there likefor I don't know how long.

a. patience on a monument b. flint c. a log

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B. In the sentences below, the idioms have got mixed up. Sort out which sentence these words really belong to.

1. His new video game is apparently selling like k. a log.

2.Her new car goes like e. the back of her hand.

3.She's forgotten all the details already-she's got a mind like f a fish out of water.

4.If father finds out what you've been doing, he'll punishyou like d. a bomb!

5.If two people get on like i. a sore thumb, they like each other very much and become friends very quickly.

6."If you continue smoking likeg.a leaf " the doctor told my uncle, "you'll wind up in the hospital with lungcancer."

7.I went to bed early and slept like c. a house on fire.

8.Tom turned the handle softly and walked in. He seemed to himself to be trembling like j.a ton of bricks.

9.Everyone else was in jeans and casual gear and I had my office clothes on - I stuck out like m.hot cakes.

10.She knows the way like b.a chimney.

11.The dance-hall was a mass of stamping, pushing, circling humanity... As he sat there pale and silent, like a.a sieve ...

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5.

1. betterlatethannever	лучше поздно, чем никогда	This proverb is often expressed with a degree of sarcasm. Geoffery Chaucer appears to have been the first person to have put the proverb into print, in The Yeoman's Prologue and Tale, Canterbury Tales, circa 1386: For bet than never is late. [Betterthanneverislate.]
2. To let sleeping dogs lie	не буди лиха, пока лихо спит, от греха подальше	Chaucer used it in the form "It is nought good a slepyng hound to wake" and it is recorded even earlier in the 14th century in French: "nesveillez pas louchien qui dort". It means: "don't stir up trouble; if the situation is quiet at the moment, let it be".
3. To look before one leaps	действовать осмотрительно, семь раз примерь, один раз отрежь
4. firstcome, firstserved	"первого первым и обслуживают"; первому гостю первое место, чей черёд, тот и берёт, кто встал, того и тапки.
5. nothingventured, nothinggained	волков бояться - в лес не ходить; риск – благородное дело; кто не рискует, тот не пьет шампанское.	You can't get anywhere unless you're willing to take a risk. The saying dates back to Chaucer (c. 1374) and is similar to the late fourteenth century French proverb: Qui onquesrienn'enpristriensn'achieva (He who never undertook anything never achieved anything) The proverb was included in John Heyword's collection of proverbs in 1546.
6. nosmokewithoutfire	нет дыма без огня
7. actions speak louder than words	о человеке судят по его делам; не по словам судят, а по делам; Легче сказать, чем сделать.
8. To strike while the iron is hot	куй железо, пока горячо	This old proverb clearly alludes to the imagery of the blacksmith or farrier at his forge. If he delays in shaping the iron when it is hot a pliable the metal soon cools and hardens and the opportunity is lost. The expression is recorded in Richard Edwards', The excellent comedie of two the mostefaithfullestfreendes, Damon and Pithias, circa 1566 I haue plied the Haruest, and stroke when the Yron was hotte.
9. oncebit, twiceshy	пуганая ворона куста боится; обжёгшись на молоке, будешь дуть и на воду	William Caxton, the first English printer, gave the earliest version of this saying in 'Aesope' , his translation of Aesop's fables: 'He that hath ben ones begyled by somme other ought to kepehymwelfro(m) the same.
10. To make hay while the sun shines	коси коса, пока роса; куй железо, пока горячо;	This proverb is first recorded in John Heywood's A dialogue conteinyng the nomber in effect of all the prouerbes in the Englishe tongue, 1546: Whan the sunneshinth make hay. Whiche is to say. Take time whan time cometh, lest time steale away. The proverb, like all proverbs, was extended to life in general and it quickly became a cliche. As early as 1673 it was cited in a figurative, i.e. non-farming, context.
11. one good turn deserves another	долг платежом красен
12.Too many cooks spoil the broth	у семи нянек дитя без глазу

А. Match the idiom on the left with the correct definitions on the right.

1.To let sleeping dogs lie

2. nothing ventured, nothing gained

3.To strike while the iron is hot

4.To make hay while the sun shines

5.Once bit, twice shy

6.First come, first served

7.Too many cooks spoil the broth

8.Better late than never

9.No smoke without fire

10.Actions speak louder than words

11.A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush

12.Where there's a will there's a way

13.To look before one leaps

14.One good turn deserves another

a. used to mean that people will receive something or be dealt with in the order in which they ask or arrive.

b.said when you are frightened to do something again because you had an unpleasant experience doing it the first time.

c.said to emphasize that what you do is more important and shows your intentions and feelings more clearly than what you say.

d.You have to take a risk in order to get something good.

e.said when you do a helpful or kind act for someone who has done something good for you.

f.it's better to be content with what you have than to risk losing everything by seeking to get more.

g.said to warn someone that they should not talk about a bad situation that most people have forgotten about.

h.If unpleasant things are said about someone or something, there is probably a good reason for it.

i.said when you think that it is better for someone or something to be late than never to arrive or to happen.

j.said when there are too many people doing the same piece of work at the same time, so that the final result will be spoiled.

k.said to mean that you should make good use of an opportunity while it lasts.

l.used to mean that if you are determined enough, you can find a way to achieve what you want, even if it is very difficult.

m.one shouldn't act without first considering the possible consequences or dangers.

n.to take advantage of an opportunity as soon as it exists, in case the opportunity goes away and does not return.

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Translate into English:

1. Я бы на твоём месте не стала доверятьего лживым обещаниям, о человеке судят по делам, а не по словам.

2. Подумай хорошенько, взвесь все «за» и «против» прежде чем соглашаться на эту работу.

3. Задумайся над тем, что говорят о ней люди: нет дыма без огня.

4. От греха подальше, откажись, я уверена это не последняя возможность уехать за границу.

5. Какие люди! Пришёл-таки! И правда: Лучше поздно, чем никогда.

6. Кто не рискует, тот не пьёт шампанское, к тому же, в случае неудачи ты ничего не теряешь.

7. Первым пришёл Том, я приму экзамен сначала у него, а вам придётся подождать.

8. Не переживай, было бы умение, а возможность найдётся.

9. У семи нянек дитя без глазу, поэтому на нужно выбрать одного ответственного человека, чтобы он представлял наши интересы и решал проблемы нашего коллектива.

10.Вот тебе мой дружеский совет: куй железо, пока горячо, и не упусти своё счастье.

11.Пуганная ворона куста боится, потому он старается избегать встречи с тобой.

12. Долг платежом красен, потому будь добр и терпелив к тем, кто добр и терпелив к тебе.

13. Коси коса, пока роса, скажи ей, что давно любишь и хочешь жениться на ней, потом такой возможности может и не быть.

14. Лучше синица в руках, чем журавль в небе, погнавшись за удовольствиями и славой, ты можешь потерять то, что имеешь.

Complete the crossword and you will find one more idiom. Write down the idiom and use thelast word in the crossword.

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3
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1. пушкой не разбудишь, лежать неподвижно как бревно

2. неистово, изо всех сил

3. первый парень на деревне, пуп земли

4. целая вечность, сто лет

5. теснота, развернуться негде

6. быть очевидным, бросаться в глаза

7. раскупаться, быть на расхват

8. львиная доля

9. Семь раз отмерь – один отрежь.

10.Пуганная ворона куста боится

11. девичник

12. первого первым обслуживают

13. очень хороший, послушный ребёнок

14. У семи нянек дитя без глаза.

15. «жаворонок», ранняя пташка

16. долг платежом красен

17. волков бояться, в лес не ходить

18. в добром здравии

19.глухая тетеря

20. нет дыма без огня

21. холоднокровный, невозмутимый

22. смотреть зубы дарёному коню

23. лучше поздно, чем никогда

24. повторять как попугай, зубрить

25. на чём-то свет клином не сошёлся

26. закадычные друзья

27. полный энтузиазма, одержимый

28. раздражать, бесить

29.древний, какмир

The idiomused to suggest that a particular action or decision is hopelessly self-defeating.

a particular option which is unlikely to be chosen because it would not be in the interest of the people concerned. n(In many countries people eat turkey at Christmas.): "Expecting them to accept a decrease in salary would belike turkeys voting for Christmas!"   

Russianvariant: Когда рак на горе свистнет.

Turkeys voting for Christmas (British English; American English: turkeys voting for Thanksgiving) is a cliché used as a metaphor or simile (in the construct "like turkeys voting for Christmas") in reference to a suicidal ("death-wish") political act, especially a vote.

The Oxford Dictionary of Quotations writes that a commentator in the Independent Magazine traced the origin of the phrase to David Penhaligon,] who is quoted as saying: "Us voting for the Pact is like a turkey voting for Christmas" in reference to the Lib-Lab Pact.

The phrase was soon borrowed by other politicians and public figures.[2] In particular, British MP Teresa Gorman was awarded by the French with a "foreign political humour prize"] for the phrase "If the House of Commons voted for Maastricht it would be like 651 turkeys voting for Christmas."[

The Answers

Answers№ 1.

1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12
b	h	e	a	l	j	f	i	k	c	d	g

Answers№ 2.

1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12
f	h	d	g	i	l	b	j	a	e	k	c

Answers№ 3.

1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13
i	c	m	n	b	d	j	a	c	g	f	k	e

Answers№ 4.

А.

1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11
b	a	c	c	a	b	c	b	a	c	a

B.

1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11
m	d	a	j	c	b	k	g	i	e	f

Answers№ 5.

1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14
g	d	n	k	b	a	j	i	h	c	f	l	m	e

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Орлова Юлия (34-38)

Unit 34.

	Idiom	Russianequivalent	Origin
	Do smthon the spur of the moment	В минутном порыве, неожиданно, экспромтом.
	Beontenterhooks	Сидеть как на иголках	In the past, freshly woven cloth was stretched on a framework called a tenter and held tight by small hooks known as tenterhooks. If you are feeling anxious, your body is often tight or tense.
	Do smth on and off	Время от времени
	Onthedot	Ровно, точно вовремя.
	Ontheoffchance	Наудачу, в надежде на авось.
	Beontherun	В бегах.
	Be on the tip of one`s tongue	Вертеться на языке.
	Beoffduty	В свободное, неслужебное время.
	Beonourtoes.	Быть начеку.
	On a plate.	На блюдечке с голубой каёмочкой.
	Beofftherecord.	Не для публики, с глазу на глаз, конфиденциально.	This is an American phrase and began to be used there in the 1930s. The first citation is in a report by President Franklin Roosevelt: "He [Roosevelt] said that he was going to talk 'off the record', that it was mighty nice to be able to talk 'off the record' for a change and that he hoped to be able to talk 'off the record' often in the future. "

Exercise 1.

Fill the missing words in the sentences below. The word in brackets should help you.

1. We were kept (very tense) _______________ for hours whole the judges chose the winner.

2. The Prime Minister's remarks were strictly (unofficial)______________.

3. He always finishes work at 5 (exactly)_______________.

4. A serial killer was ( in search) _________________ in last night after escaping from a maximum-security prison.

5. What is her name? It's (come to light) ________________. Joan. Joan Simpson. That's it!

6. I didn't really expect her to be at home. I just called (at random)_______________.

7. It rained (at times) _______________all week.

8. It seems that all the taxis in New York are (having a day off)_______________ whenever it rains.

9. We were all (alert)­­­______________, waiting for the game ti begin.

10. We would often decide what to play (suddenly)____________________.

11. The Internet provides huge quantities of information (easily) ______________, but you don't know if it's accurate or true.

Exercise 2. Translate sentences to english.

1. На языке Джона вертелся грубый ответ, но он вовремя вспомнил о манерах.

2. Могу я поговорить с тобой с глазу на глаз?

3. Он время от времени покуривает вот уже 10 лет.

4. Когда они позвонили мне с предложением о работе заграницей, я, поддавшись порыву, принял предложение.

5. Я жду тебя ровно в 8.

6. Я много работал для того, чего я сейчас добился. Я не получил это на блюдечке сголубой каёмочкой.

7. Она сидела как на иголках всё ночь, ожидая Джона в любой момент.

8. Когда офицер полиции увидел ограбление банка, он был не на службе.

9. Он встретил свою будущую жену, пока был в бегах в Грмании.

10. Я пошёл к театру наудачу, вдруг там остались билеты на шоу.

AnswersUnit 34.

Ex 1 ..

1. ontenterhooks

2. offtherecord

3. Onthedot

4. ontherun

5. on the tip of one`s tongue

6. Ontheoffchance

7. onandoff

8. offduty

9. onourtoes.

10. on the spur of the moment

11. On a plate

Ex 2.

	John had a rude answer on the tip of his tongue, but he remembered his manners just in time.
	May I talk to you, strictly off the record?
	He's been smoking for 10 years now, on and off.
	When they call me with the offer of a job abroad, I accepted it on the spur of the moment.
	I expect to see you here at eight o'clock on the dot.
	I worked hard for what I've got now. It wasn't handed to me on a plate.
	She had been on tenterhooks all night, expecting Joe to return at any moment.
	The police officer was off duty when he saw the bank robbery.
	He met his future wife while he was on the run from the police in Germany.
	I went to the theater on the off chance that there were tickets for the show left.

Unit 35

	Beoutofbreath	Задыхаться, запыхаться.
	Beoutofplace	Неуместно.
	Get/Be out of hand	Выйти из-под контроля; Oтбиться от рук; Bыйти из повиновения.
	Beoutofprint	Нет в печати, в продаже.
	Beoutofcondition	Быть не в форме.
	Beoutofdepht	Быть не по зубам, быть не по плечу.
	Beoutoftune	Фальшивит.
	Beoutofpocket	Быть в убытке; Поистратиться , Прогадать, Быть в проигрыше.
	Beoutofquestion	Об этом не может быть и речи; не обсуждается.
	Beoutofblue	Как гром среди ясного неба; Как снег на голову; C бухты-барахты.	It refers to lighting appearing suddenly and unexpectedly in a blue sky
	Beoutofsorts	Не в духе, Не по себе.	Since at least the 17th century 'sorts' has been the name of the letters used by typographers. For sets of type blocks to be 'out of sorts' would clearly be unwelcome to a typesetter. That terminology could be the source of the phrase and the notion is certainly a tempting one.
	Beoutofpractice	Давно не упражнялся; быть не в форме
	Beoutofrunning	не рассматривать (ся), выбыть из соревнования.
	Beoutofbounds	Вход воспрещён.
	Be out of the woods	Быть вне опасности, оставив трудности позади; выкарабкаться.	The proverb originated in the United States and has been traced back to 'Papers of Benjamin Franklin' .
	Beoutofreach	вне досягаемости

Exercise 1. Match the right and the left parts of sentence. Put your answers in the table.

1. Ann'sbusinessstoppedlosingmoney

2. Тhe path by the railway line is officially

3. Atsuchanimportantmeeting

4. If he loses the deal,

5. Right out of the blue Rachel decided

6. His latest book was out of the running

7. Becouseof the fact that I haven`t prepared

8. Greg's bass guitar was out of tune

9. The top of the bookshelf was out of reach

10. Afterrunningforthebus

11. I was out of sorts for a couple of weeks

12. I haven`t played the piano for a while

13. The class was getting completely out of hand

14. The boys had no money,

15. After a seriousinjury

1. I`m out of breath now.

2. your silly remarks were completely out of place.

3. so the teacher asked for a help.

4. the athlete was out of condition.

5. I felt completely out of my depth at the meeting.

6. as he has a tin ear.

7. he'll be badly out of pocket.

8. so it was out of the question for them to go to the movies.

9. to quit her job and move to Germany.

10. after I came out of hospital.

11. so I`m a bit of out of practice.

12. foranymajorawards.

13. out of bounds to both cyclists and walkers.

14. but she's not yet out of the woods. She still has a large debt to pay.

15. and I could not get the dictionary easily.

Exercise 2. Translate sentences to english.

1. Его первого романа сейчас нет в печати.

2. Люисвернуась с работы не в духе.

3. Эти картины выглядят здесь неуместно.

4. Я запыхался после пробежки от вокзала.

5. Мышь забежала за пианино, так что она была вне досягаемостидля коты.

6. Однажды, совершенно как гром среди ясного неба, я получил от неё письмо.

7. Сейчас я верну тебе долг, тогда ты не будешь в убытке.

8. Вечеринка начала выходить из-под контроля, так что мы попросили всех уйти. Извини, но твоя поездка в Зимбабве не обсуждается.

9. Операция прошла хорошо, но Кейт пока не выкарабкалась.

10. Они выбыли из соревнований на кубок.

11. Когда Рут начала рассказывать о разнице между частицами, я понял, что это мне не по зубам.

Answers

Ex.1

N

M

B

G

I

L

E

F

O

A

J

K

C

H

D

Ex.2

	His first nowel is out of print now.
	Louise went back from work feeling rather out of sorts.
	The paintings looked strangely out of place here.
	I was out of breath after running from the station.
	The mouse ran behind the piano, so it was out of reach fort he cat.
	One day, completely out of the blue, I had a letter from her.
	I'll give my debt back now, so you won't be out of pocket.
	The party was beginning to get out of hand so we asked everyone to leave.
	I'm sorry, but yourgoing to Zimbabwe is out of the question.
	The operation went fine, but Kate is not out of the woods yet.
	They `re out of the running for the Cup.
	When Ruth started talking about the differences between the particle, I understoodI was out of my depth.

Unit 36.

	Beaboveboard	В открытую, честно, без обмана	'Board' here is the old word for 'table', as in 'sideboard' or bed and board (=комнатаиеда) The whole expression was originally a gambling termand alludes to the fact that card players who do not keep their hands on the table (board) may be suspected of of cheating when playing a game (changing their cards under the table.)
	Beroundthebend	Свихнулся, крыша поехала, с ума сходить	It is related to the metaphor contained in "having funny/queer turns"; i.e. that a person who just has queer turns may still be more or less OK but if you go beyond having queer turns and go "right round the bend" you're completely mad.
	Tell smb to smb face	Сказать в лицо, высказать всю правду.
	Do things behind smb back	За спиной.
	Atthisrate	В таком темпе, так медленно.
	Offthecuff	без подготовки, экспромтом; на ходу	Back in the days of separate collars and cuffs, it is alleged that notes for extemporaneous speaking were jotted onto the cuff of the speaker's shirt.
	Onedge	На нервах, на взводе
	Beinsmbshoes	Быть на чьём-то месте
	Be up to my ears	Быть по уши в чём –либо (в работе, в долгах)
	Letoffsteam	выпускать пар; снять напряжение	This idiom probably comes from the fact that boiling water produces steam which creates high pressure that will cause an explosion if it isn't released somehow.
	Fromscratch	С нуля	The scratch used to be a starting line which was scratched on ground to show where a race should star from, so From scratch means from the beginning.
	Withbaitedbreath	Затаив дыхание.
	Atallhours	Круглосуточно.
	Downthedrain	Коту под хвост.	A drain is a pipe for carring water. So if you dropped anything down it, You`ll lose it.
	Between you, me and the gatepost	Между нами говоря	Posts have long been used to epitomise deadness and unresponsiveness, so, if it is dead, it will be silent.

Exercise 1.

Choose the word ( A, B or C) which best completes each sentence.

1. Between you, me and the ­­­__________, I'm thinking of asking her to marry me.

1. Postman

2. Gatepost

3. Ghost

2. Paul felt on __________about meeting Lisa.

1. Edge

2. Blade

3. Ledge

3. I feel guilty about going behind his ________ and complaining to the boss.

1. Peck

2. Table

3. Back

4. She hadn't prepared a speech and just said a few things off the ______.

1. Cuff

2. Collar

3. Huff

5. Anyone in her ­­________ would have done the same thing.

1. Jeans

2. Place

3. Shoes

6. Meetings give people the chance to let off ­­­­­______ if something has been bothering them for a long time.

1. Fog

2. Steam

3. Beam

7. Well that's it. 18 months' work down the _______.

1. Drain

2. Pipe

3. Grain

8. He comes here at all ­­­­________, sometimes in the middle of the night.

1. Clocks

2. Hours

3. Watches

9. I want everything to be above ­­­_______. No secret deals, no discussions behind the scenes.

1. Hoard

2. Mystery

3. Board

10. I told him to his ________ just what I thought of him.

1. Face

2. Phone

3. Lace

11. I sometimes feel I'm going round the _____ looking after young children all day.

1. Playground

2. Bend

3. End

12. He waited for a reply to his offer with baited ______.

1. Offence

2. Breath

3. Heath

13. At this _____ we won't ever be able to afford a holiday.

1. Rate

2. Case

3. Gate

14. He had built the business up from ______

1. Inheritance

2. Scratch

3. Match

15. I`m afraid I`m up to my _____ in work at the moment. Can we talk later in the week?

1. Ears

2. Crown

3. Fears

Exercise 2. Fill the missing words in the sentences.

1. When they say that someone become crazy , they mean ___________________.

2. When they say that someonebegin it without using anything that existed or was prepared before, they mean ___________________.

3. When they say that someoneis going to tell you his opinion, but want it to be a secret, they mean ___________________.

4. When they say that someone do something at any time of the day or night, they mean ___________________.

5. When they say that something is wasted or produces no results, they mean ___________________.

6. When they say that something made without preparation or rehearsal, they mean ___________________.

7. When they say that someone gets rid of your anger, excitement, or energy in a way that does not harm anyone, they mean ___________________.

8. When they say that someone tell something to someone directly, they mean ___________________.

9. When they say that someone is nervous, especially because he is expecting something unpleasant to happen, they mean ___________________.

10. When they say that someone wait for something feeling very anxious or excited, they mean ___________________.

AnswersUnit 36.

Ex 1.

b

a

c

a

c

b

a

b

c

a

b

b

a

b

a

Ex 2.

	Roundthebend
	Fromscratch
	Between you, me and the gatepost
	Atallhours
	Downthedrain
	Offthecuff
	Letoffsteam
	Tell me to my face
	Tell smb to smb face
	Withbaitedbreath

Unit 37

	Playitbyear	импровизировать, решать по ходу дела; решать на месте;	Initially, this referred to the playing of music without reference to printed notation. The figurative sense came into being in the mid 20th century in the USA, generally denoting improvisation and improvisation.
	Atrandom	Наобум, на авось, на счастье, наудачу.
	Behindbars	За решёткой.	Prison windows traditionally have iron bars to stop a prisoner escaping. So if you are behind them you are in prison cell.
	Behindthetimes	Отстал от времени. Это прошлый век.
	In a rut	Идти по проторенной дорожке, погрязнуть в рутине.
	Infullswing	B самом разгаре, бить ключом
	Inthelimelight	Быть на виду, в центре внимания.	Limelight is an intense white light which is produced by heating a piece of lime in a flame of burning oxygen and hydrogen. Clearly, actors who were the centre of attention on stage being said to be in the limelight.
	Keepintouch	Поддерживать связь.
	Stand out in a crowd	Выделяться из толпы.
	Outoforder	Испортиться, сломаться.
	Outofthisworld	Неземной, не из этого мира, райское наслаждение.

Exercise 1.

Translate sentences to english.

1. Преступная банда выбирала своих жертв наобум.

2. Я не видел Джима уже 3 года, но мы поддерживам связь по почте.

3. Нил совершенно отстал от жизни. Он даже не представляет, что такое рэп!

4. Не знаю, что им понадобится, когда они приедут, — будем решать на месте.

5. Это лучшее суфле из тех, что я когда-либо пробовал – Это просто райское наслаждение!

6. Копировальная машина сломалась, и её не починят до завтра.

7. К полуночи вечеринка в честь окончания курсы была в самом разгаре.

8. Её убийцу, в конце концов, упекли за решётку.

9. Когда я понял, что погряз в рутине, я решил найти новую работу.

10. Он высокий мужчина и выделяется в любой толпе.

11. Если ты жена премер министра, ты всегда в центре внимания.

Exercise 2.

Fill the missing words in the sentences below. The word in brackets should help you.

1. How can we be a successful company if our executives are so (old-fashioned ) _____________________that they don't know what people want these days?

2. The lottery numbers are chosen (without any definite plan or pattern)_____________________.

3. When we got to Vicki's place the party was (reached its highest level of activity) ____________________ .

4. We try to (to be very obvious or unusual ) _____________________________by producing movies and TV programs that no one else would produce.

5. He's been (at the centre of attention)__________________recently, following the publication of a controversial novel.

6. If we go into the meeting unprepared, we'll have to (improvise )___________________.

7. At forty my life was (the same things all the time so that you become bored) _______________, so I gave up work and travelled to India.

8. My boyfriend is just(wonderful and exciting)_________________.

9. After my neighbor moved, we still (maintain communications) ____________________.

10. Very soon, you will be (in jail) _________________ for your crimes.

11. The phone is ( not working) __________ again.

AnswersUnit 37.

Ex 1.

	The crimnal gang picked their victims at random.
	I haven't seen Jim for three years but we keep in touch by mail.
	Neil is really behind the times. He doesn't even know what rap music sounds like!
	I don't know what they'll want when they arrive — we'll have to play it by ear.
	This is the best souffle I’ve ever tasted – it’s out of this world.
	The copy machine is out of order and won't be repaired until tomorrow.
	By midnight the end-of-course party was in full swing.
	Her killer was finally put behind bars.
	When I understood tha I was stuck in a rut,I decided to look for a new job.
	He is a tall man who stands out in any crowd.
	If you are married to a Prime Minister? You are always in the limelight.

Ex. 2

1. Behindthetimes

2. Atrandom

3. Infullswing

4. Standoutin a crowd

5. At a limelight

6. Playbyear

7. In a rut

8. Outofthisworld

9. Keepintouch

10. Behindbars

11. Outoforder

Unit 38.

	By the skin of one`s teeth	еле-еле; с огромной натяжкой
	Overthemoon	Быть на седьмом небе от счастья.
	Undertheweather	Неважно себя чувствовать.
	Bywordofmouth	Со слов других людей
	In one`s birthday suit	в чем мать родила; голый
	Uptoscratch	На должной высоте
	Upinarms	В полной боевой готовности; воинственно настроенный	It is clear that 'arms' was chosen as the name for weaponry. It may be as simple as a sword being seen as an extention of the arm. It is assumed that the author is Sir Thomas More, who used the term in a work in the 1590s.
	Downinthedumps	Сам не свой.	The dumps' wasn't a place but a commonplace mediaeval expression meaning dejection; melancholy; depression. Dumps was used frequently in plays and manuscripts from the 16th century onward. Shakespeare used the term several times, for example, in The Taming of the Shrew, 1596.
	Offone`shead	Чокнутый, придурковатый, бзиканутый
	Upwiththelark	Вставать с петухами.

Ex 1. Choose the word ( A, B or C) which best completes each sentence.

1. She's down in the ________ because all her friends are out of town.

1. Ground

2. Dumps

3. Mumps

2. I’m feeling a little under the ­­­________ – I think I may have caught a cold.

1. Press

2. Leather

3. Weather

3. He never advertises. He gets all his clients by ______ of mouth.

1. Word

2. Song

3. Lord

4. World's poor are up in _______over food prices.

1. Hands

2. Farms

3. Arms

5. They scraped through the course by the skin of their ________ to move up to a higher form.

1. Neck

2. Teeth

3. Leg

6. We had no doubt that the old man was off his ________ when we saw him jumping into the lake with his winter coat on.

1. Head

2. Mind

3. Lead

7. Sam was over the ________ about becoming a father.

1. Head

2. Loon

3. Moon

8. The farmer isup with the ________ every day.

1. Shark

2. Cock

3. Lark

9. We're giving him a week to bring the team up to ________.

1. Top

2. Scratch

3. Match

10. Jane showed up at the party wearing nothing but her ________ suit.

1. Holiday

2. Doomsday

3. Birthday

Exercise 2. Match the right and the left parts of sentence. Put your answers in the table.

1. Why aren't we up in arms about children

2. Her friends thought she was off her head

3. After I had spent the whole afternoon stranded out in the rain without a jacket,

4. When they say Down in the dumps

5. If something doesn't come up to scratch,

6. We thought we`d miss the plane,

7. I was over the moon,

8. After all these years, Teresa still hasn't seen

9. If you get up very early,

10. I don'ttrustthings

1. I was feeling a bit under the weather.

2. you're up with the lark.

3. it doesn't meet the standard required or expected.

4. but in the end we caught it by the skin of our teeth.

5. I hear about by word of mouth.

6. tomarrythatman.

7. when he sent me flowers and a note.

8. her husband in his birthday suit.

9. They mean «very sad and without much interest in life»

10. who are not being educated?

11. AnswersUnit 38.

Ex 1.

2	3	1	3	2	1	3	3	2	3

Ex 2.

											5
				2		3			4					6
																7				8
				19
														20
	1
18																		9
			15
	17														21
								13
								26
	16
	28				14					12					10
								25
										24		11
															22
					27							23

RevisionExercises

1.

Down.

1. All my dealings with company have been completely above _____ .

2. If you speak to me off the ­­­­_____, I won`t quote you by name.

3. He never seemed to feel out of _____ at social functions.

4. Eric came running into the room, out of _____.

5. You can't go in that old shirt - it's out of the ______.

6. John had`t planned to take the trip; he just left on the ____ of the moment.

7. The synonym for unfit is out of _____.

8. His nerves, his senses, were on ­­­____.

9. The men appeared on the beach in their _____ suits.

10. At first I felt completely out of my ­­­_____ in the new job.

11. She hadn't prepared a speech and just said a few things off the ­­­­____.

12. She's feeling a bit down in the ­­____.

13. To haven`t done something for a long time, so that you are not able to do it well is be out of ­____.

14. We had to start it again from _____.

15. Between you, me, and the _____ is used to say that you are going to tell someone your opinion, but you want it to be a secret.

16. The Valentine party was in full ­­­­_____.

Across

4. If a place is out of _____, you are not allowed to go there.

10. I shall be off ____ on Thursday.

17. If time, effort, or money goes down the ­­____, it is wasted or produces no results.

18. I guess Mike is ____ the bend because he does nothing but speak about flying saucers.

19. I went to the theater on the off _____ that there were tickets for the show left.

20. Why does he is out the ____ of contenders for victory this year?

21. I learned that there would be a holiday next week by word of _____.

22. The baby cried so much that we were up at all ____ trying to calm her down.

23. Would you really call her a liar to her ____?

24. If you are out of ____, you have less money than you should have.

25. I met him when I worked in Madrid, and I've kept in ____ with him ever since.

26. John's father said that if John kept going at that ____ he would never finish cutting the grass.

27. Bobby's birthdayparty got out of ____ the children were naughty.

28. He's not out of the _____ yet by a long shot.

5.Q

2.R

3.P

4.B

O

U

N

D

6.S

E

L

R

E

P

7.C

8.E

19.C

H

A

N

C

E

S

U

O

D

O

C

A

T

20.R

U

N

N

I

N

G

1.B

R

E

T

I

D

E

18.R

O

U

N

D

H

O

I

9.B

A

N

T

I

R

15.G

I

R

17.D

R

A

I

N

21.M

O

U

T

H

T

13.P

N

H

E

26.R

A

T

E

D

16.S

P

A

A

28.W

O

O

D

14.S

C

12.D

10.D

U

T

Y

I

S

C

25.T

O

U

C

H

E

N

T

R

I

M

P

G

A

C

24.P

O

11.C

K

E

T

T

E

S

U

22.H

O

U

R

S

C

F

27.H

A

N

D

23.F

A

C

E

Look at drawings. Complete the sentences.

1. Y ouwere _________________ thismorning!

2. I feel myself ___________________ when I`m in the «Seventh sky» restaurant. (InOstankinskayaTower)

3. My brother Charlie tried to rob a bank, but the cops caught him and now he's _____________.

4. J ohn will do almost anything to get himself ___________________.

5. She was ________________ until her son called and said he was not hurt.

6. It was _____________________ to say, 'I'd rather have dinner with a frog.'

7. H e was handed a job and wealth __________.

8. From ___________________ I asked my girlfriend if she wanted to get married.

9. Sometimes you should do something eccentric to _______________.

10. I hate when Mark try to sing and do it _____________.

11. I guess I needed to _____________.

12. He is ______________ with trouble around here.

13. Cat couldn’t get in touch with fish; he was ­­­____________.

Answers

1. Upwiththelark

2. Overthemoon

3. Behindbars

4. Inthelimelight

5. Beontenterhooks

6. Be on the tip of one`s tongue

7. On a plate.

8. Beoutofblue

9. Standoutin a crowd

10. Beoutoftune

11. Letoffsteam

12. Uptoears

13. Beoutofreac

Федорова ДарьяUNIT 6,7, 8, 9 ,11

Unit 6

a backseat driver	командир, штурман (указывает водителю как ехать)	This termoriginatedinthe USA in the 1920s, when it was first used for a passenger legitimately directing a driver
a big shot (a big wig)	большая шишка
a dark horse	темная лошадка	This phrase comes from the horse racing. A dark horse was a fairly unknown horse whose abilities were kept secret until it came to the trace track and, hopefully, won the race.
a live wire	живчик	«wire»−провод A wire has a «live» electric current running through it.
an old hand	стреляныйворобей
a marked man	мишень (находитьсяподприцелом)	«mark» − знак, след, метка, мишень
a rough diamond (a diamond in the rough)	человек, обладающий внутренними достоинствами, но не имеющий внешнего лоска	«rough»− неровный, грубый. В буквальном смысле это неограненный алмаз.
a smart aleck(a smart alec)	зазнайка, выскочка
a wet blanket	зануда; человек, отравляющий другим удовольствие	«wet»−мокрый, «blanket» −одеяло
a general dogsbody	мальчик на побегушках	«dogsbody» −работяга

1

1. After bringing up six kids, I’m…………………….. at it.(master, experienced person)

2. I don't need any ……………on this project. Stop pestering me with all your advice. (unwanted advice)

3. I spent the summer helping out as……………….(hard and boring nobody wants to do)

4. The teenagers don t invite Bob to their parties because he is……………(dull and boring person)

5. Taylor is such ………… that things will get done, that's for sure. (alert or energetic person)

6. I'm no ………………, but I do have a little power around here. (an important or influential person)

7. Don't be such …………. All right then, if you're such clever, have you got any better ideas?(know-all, clever Dick)

8. Mitchell may have been …………………., but he was absolutely loyal to his employer. (behave rude, but who actually is pleasant and kind)

9. When Dave dared to criticize the dictator openly, he became ……………...(watched person)

10. She's ………….. I didn't know she'd written a novel.(someone with a secret ability, skill)

or

Everyone was surprised at the results of the election. The ……………won (unexpected winner)

2. Match the idioms on the left with the correct definitions on the right.

1. a backseat driver

2. a big shot

3. a dark horse

4. a live wire

5. an old hand

6. a marked man

7. a rough diamond

8. a smart aleck

9. a wet blanket

10. a general dogsbody

1. a man or woman who is in danger because someone wants to hurt or kill them

2. an important or influential person

3. a competitor about whom little is known and who unexpectedly wins or a person who reveals little about himself, who has unexpected talents or abilities

4. a person has a depressing effect on others who spoils the pleasure of others

5. someone who does not behave politely or is not well educated, but is pleasant and kind

6. skilled person who has been doing something for a long time and is very good at it

7. a person who has a lot of energy and is interesting to be with

8. someone who has to do all the small boring jobs that no one else wants to do

9. someone who always says clever things or always has the right answer, in a way that is annoying

10. a person who gives unwanted advice or criticism, esp. to the driver of a car

1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10