
- •Лингвострановедение как наука.
- •Roman Britain. Roman Borrowings.
- •Anglo-Saxon Britain.The Vikings and Alfred the Great. Scandinavian borrowings.
- •Viking challenge and the rise of Wessex (9th century)
- •Norman England. French borrowings.
- •In English, this means "with ice cream" - apparently someone decided that having ice cream on pie was the fashionable way to eat it.
- •Plantagenet England. The Hundred Years War.
- •The Tudor Dynasty. The Break with Rome.
- •The United Crowns. First American Settlers.
- •The personal rule. The Great rebellion.
- •The English Republic. England under The Lord Protector.
- •The restoration. The Merry Monarch.
- •The Catholic King. The Revolution of 1688.
- •England’s Advance to world Power. Geographic discoveries.Spanish, Indian, Arabic, Russian etc. Borrowings.
- •It took a class of entrepreneurs, of which the most famous is Richard Arkwright. He nurtured the inventors, patented the ideas, financed the initiatives, and protected the machines.
- •Liberal Age
- •First World War
- •The Second World war and after war years.
- •Present Day g.B.: British State System. Present Day g.B.: British State System.
- •Present Day g.B.: Economy (example of 2-3 industries).
- •Present Day g.B.: Population strategies and policies.
- •Present Day g.B.: System of Education in gb.
- •British dialects and social variants.
- •British national character. . National Festivals & Traditions of g.B
- •Irish stereotypes
- •If someone says 'let me be mother' or 'shall I be mother', they are offering to pour out the tea from the teapot.
- •British Mass media.
- •It is supposed
- •English musical festivals. English composers.
- •It aims to provide a wide, community-based focus. Its emphasis is on including all the traditional arts activity taking place in the city, not just traditional music.
- •British pictorial Art. Famous painters.
- •Political parties in present day g.B..
- •The Lawyers. Types of Law.Rights and responsibilities. Law enforcement.
- •If illegal discrimination takes place, people have the right to have their case dealt with by an industial tribunal or by the civil courts.
- •Literary review: The Age of Reason (Augustans).
- •Literary review: The Romantics.
- •Literary review: The Victorians.
- •Literary review: modern trends.
- •Religion in g.B.
- •Science and scientific research in gb (in retrospective)
- •British onomastics.
The United Crowns. First American Settlers.
Union of the Crowns
Elizabeth died in 1603 at the age of 69. Her closest male Protestant relative was the King of Scots, James VI, of the House of Stuart, who became King James I of England in a Union of the Crowns. King James I & VI as he was styled became the first monarch to rule the entire island of Great Britain, although it was merely a union of the English and Scottish crowns, and both countries remained separate political entities until 1707. Several assassination attempts were made on James, notably the Main Plot and Bye Plots of 1603, and most famously, on 5 November 1605, the Gunpowder Plot, by a group of Catholic conspirators, led by Guy Fawkes, which caused more antipathy in England towards the Catholic faith. Upon taking power, James immediately made peace with Spain, and for the first half of the 17th century, England remained largely inactive in European politics.
Colonial England
In 1607 England built an establishment at Jamestown This was the beginning of colonialism by England in North America. Many English settled then in North America for religious or economic reasons. About 70% of migrants from England who came between 1630-1660 were indentured servants. By 1700, Chesapeake planters brought in about 100,000 indentured servants,[11] more than 75% of all European immigrants to Virginia and Maryland.[12] The English merchants holding plantations in the warm southern parts of America then resorted rather quickly to the slavery of Native Americans and imported Africans in order to cultivate their plantations and sell raw material (particularly cotton and tobacco) in Europe. The English merchants involved in colonization amassed fortunes equal to those of great aristocratic landowners in England, and their money, which fuelled the rise of the middle class, permanently altered the balance of political power. The American colonies did not prove profitable to the mother country in the end. Pennsylvania and Delaware were home to a large population of self-sufficient farmers from various parts of Europe, especially Germany. New York traded with pirates and smugglers, and the colonies of New England consistently frustrated the government's attempts to utilize the area's forests for shipbuilding. Only Virginia and the Chesapeake Bay area produced a useful cash crop, tobacco, but it quickly wore the soil out. By the end of the 18th century, the tobacco industry in Virginia had been completely ruined by soil exhaustion and low prices. Indeed, the small sugar-growing islands in the Caribbean were worth more than all of the thirteen colonies put together.
The English colonies did not have an independent foreign policy, but otherwise were mostly left to manage their own affairs. This was very different from the authoritarian control France and Spain held over their colonies. It was the gradual infringement on the rights of the colonies starting in the 1760s that would lead to the American War of Independence. Nothing of the sort would have been possible in the French and Spanish colonies.