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3.1.1. General description

The activation of cerebral hemispheres (AH) is conditioned by two main factors: a) the number of operating neurons and b) the degree of their stimulation. If the activation of one hemisphere dominates over the activation of another hemisphere – it testifies to the presence of functional asymmetry (FAH). If the hemispheres are activated equally – it testifies to an inter-hemisphere balance.

The indexes of activation of right and left hemispheres and also the index of their FAH are of great diagnostic value, because the functions of each hemisphere have their own specific features, which leave their marks on any of the human activity. The function of left hemisphere of right-handed people is an abstract-logical thinking which operates with sign and verbal information, counting. The function of right hemisphere is operating with visual, acoustical, olfactory, tactile and other images, emotional-figurative thinking. The legitimacy of left-handed people is of another character: the left hemisphere is responsible for emotional-figurative and spatial thinking, and the right hemisphere is responsible for abstract-logical and verbal thinking.

Different kinds of activity are mainly provided by “left-hemisphere” or “right-hemisphere” thinking. For example, it is known that most mathematicians, physicians and other scientific workers are mainly distinguished by the predominance of “left-hemisphere” thinking. Those people whose profession is connected with arts (musicians, artists, actors and others) in most cases have “right-hemisphere” thinking. There may be some unexpected index (for example, the essential left-side asymmetry in the musical activity or the right-side asymmetry – in mathematics) which quite often testifies to a non-optimum thinking activity of a person in the process of solving this or that professional task.

Thus, while investigating some professional musicians (the students of conservatoire) we noticed an obvious predominance of “left-hemisphere” thinking in the situation of performing some pieces of music. The reason for it, as it has been established in the course of a special research, is the substitution of emotional-figurative experience of musical contents by the logical judgement of “technological” tasks (fingering systems, technologies of sound producing, note record and so on). The means of reaching the purpose displace the purpose itself, this leads to a non-optimum anti-art result.

It should be mentioned that the above-described legitimacy has its exceptions. There are some cases when great musicians possess abstract-logical thinking and outstanding mathematicians – emotional-figurative. However such people can achieve success only in case they form their own original, atypical for the majority of people of the same occupation, style of activity.

The Following four main characteristics of AH and FAH should be distinguished: 1) situational, 2) individually typological, 3) activity situational and 4) activity-stereotyped.

Situational characteristics reflects the indexes of AH and FAH in this or that concrete situation (excitement, tiredness, strain and so on).

Individually typological characteristics reflects individually typological peculiarities of AH and FAH which are specific of a given person. These are steady, genetic by their character, psychological peculiarities.

Activity situational characteristics reflects the indexes of AH and FAH in a unique situation of this or that activity.

Activity-stereotyped characteristics reflects typical for a given person peculiarities of AH and FAH, which are manifested in a person’s activity. The distinctive feature of this characteristic is its connection with the individual style of activity.

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