I. Translate the following and check up your answers:

A. 1. состоять из костей; 2. чувствовать боль в боку; 3. провести исследования; 4. ряд научных открытий; 5. меняться в весе; 6. хорошее состояние здоровья;

7. внутри брюшной полости; 8. реберный промежуток; 9. простираться над уровнем 5-го ребра; 10. задний отдел желудка

1. to be composed of bones (to consist of bones); 2. to feel pain in the side; 3. to carry Out researches; 4. a number of scientific discoveries; 5. to change weight; 6. a good con­dition of health; 7. within the abdominal cavity; 8. costal interspace; 9. to extend above the level of the fifth rib; 10. the posterior portion of the stomach

Б. 1, с каждой стороны груди; 2. число опубликованных научных статей; 3. направление волокон; 4. пучок нервов; 5. включить в статью новые данные; 6. меняться в цвете; 7. через стенки сосудов; 8. длинные трубки; 9. в середине туловища; 10. вместо того, чтобы расширяться

1. on each side of the chest; 2. the number of the published scientific articles; 3. the direction of fibers; 4. a band of nerves; 5. to include new findings into the article; 6. to vary in colour; 7. through the walls of the vessels; 8. long tubes; 9. in the middle of the trunk; 10, instead of dilating

Give the words of the opposite meaning;

1. natural; 2. to connect; 3. to find; 4. to live; 5. near; 6. strong; 7. origin; 8. thick;

9. outer; 10. the dilate; 11. an infant; 12. left; 13. light; 14. above; 15. the soft palate

1. artificial; 2. to separate; 3. tp lose; 4. to die; 5. far; 6. weak; 7. end; 8. thin; 9. inner;

10. to contract; 11. an adult; 12. right; 13. heavy; 14. below; 15. the hard palate

II. Translate the following:

(Passive Voice of the Indefinite Tenses)

1. Его здоровье было восстановлено после надлежащего лечения. 2. Окраска легких меняется с возрастом. 3. Будут ли новые научные изыскания в области строения тканей проведены в будущем месяце?

1. His health was restored after a proper treatment. 2. The colour of the lungs is changed with age. 3. Will new researches in the field of the structure of tissues be carried on next month?

(Present and Past Participles)

1. Легкое, состоящее из долей, покрыто плеврой. 2. Обложенный язык является симптомом какого-либо заболевания желудочно-кишечного тракта. 3. Печень, расположенная в правой верхней части брюшной полости, является самой боль­шой железой в организме человека. 4. Определяя строение любого внутреннего органа, мы лучше узнаем его функции.

1. The lung consisting of lobes is covered with the pleura. 2. A coated tongue is the symptom of some disease of the alimentary tract. 3. The liver located in the right upper part of the abdominal cavity is the largest gland in the human body. 4. Determining the structure of any inner organ we learn better its functions.

(The Functions of the Infinitive)

1. The students came to the dissecting-room to dissect a corpse. 2. To become a good surgeon you must know human anatomy well. 3. Andreus Vesalius was the first to de­scribe anatomy as an exact science. 4. Prof. P. F. Lesgaft studied the structure of the muscles to determine their nature.

1.... чтобы препарировать...; 2. чтобы стать...; 3.... кто описал ...; 4.... чтобы определить....

Cycle II. Topic Questions

the skeleton

1. What kind of bones compose the skull? 2. What kind of bones does the trunk consist of? 3. What kind of vertebrae compose the neck? 4. What is the chest composed of? 5. How many ribs are connected with the breastbone on each side of the chest? 6. Which ribs are free? 7. What is each rib composed of? 8. What extremities are con­nected with the trunk by the pelvis? 9. What does the lower extremity consist of? 10. What connects the upper extremity with the trunk? 11. What parts is the upper extremity formed by?

THE SKULL

1. What is the main part of the head and face called? 2. How many bones is the skull composed of? 3. What parts of the skull do all these bones form? 4. What are the bones of the skull connected with? 5. How are the bones of the skull connected together? 6. How many cavities are there in the skull? What cavities are they? 7. What is the large cavity of the skull called? 8. What organ is in the cranial cavity? 9. What is there in the orbits?

THE LECTURE ON MUSCLES

1. At what Congresses were the names Of all the muscles and all other anatomical terms established? 2. When was the Basel Nomina Anatomica introduced? 3. What ana­tomical terms are used in our country? 4. When were the universal anatomical terms of the Paris Nomina Anatomica established? 5. How many skeletal muscles is our body composed of? 6. How many per cent of the body weight do the muscles form in the adult? 7. What three basic groups of muscles do you know? 8. What are the muscles formed by? 9. What are the muscular fibers connected together by? 10. What main role do the muscles perform in the body?

PROF. LESGAFT'S SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH

1. Who was P. F. Lesgaft? 2. When was he born? 3. What Academy did he graduate from? 4. When was P. F. Lesgaft given the Degrees of Doctor of Medicine and Doctor of Surgery? 5. What field of science did Prof. P. F. Lesgaft work out first? 6. What is one of his main works called? 7. What basic groups did Prof. P. F. Lesgaft divide the muscles into? 8. What difference did Prof. P. F. Lesgaft establish between the static and dynamic muscles? 9. What Russian scientist continued Lesgaft's studies on static and dynamic muscles? 10. What did she determine by her experiments on animals?

THE HEART AND THE VASCULAR SYSTEM

1. Where is the heart located? 2. Where is the base of the heart located? 3. Does the heart consist of two separate or connected chambers? 4. What are the two separate cham­bers of the heart divided by? 5. What are the atria separated by from the ventricles? 6. What vessels dilate and contract simultaneously with the action of the heart? 7. What organ is included in the pericardium? 8. What is the weight of the heart? 9. What groups of vessels does the vascular system consist of? 10. What vascular system do the vessels carrying blood to and from the tissues of the body compose? 11. What system do the vessels carrying blood to and from the lungs compose?

THE LUNGS

1. What main organs of the respiratory system do you know? 2. Where are the lungs located? 3. What are the lungs separated by from each other? 4. What are the lungs covered with? 5. What is the weight of the lungs in the adult male? 6. What vital capacity have the lungs in the male and in the female? 7. How many lobes do the right and the left lungs consist of? 8. What colour are the lungs in infants? 9. What is the structure of the lung?

THEAORTA

1. What vessel is the main one in the general system? 2. Where does, the aorta begin? 3. Where does the aorta extend? 4. What is the aorta called on its way from the fifth thoracic vertebra to about the level of the last thoracic one? 5. Where does the abdomi­nal aorta extend? 6. Where does the aorta finish? 7. What arteries is the aorta divided into at the border of the fourth lumber vertebra?

TH E ALIM ENTARY TRACT

1. Where does the alimentary tract extend? 2. What does the alimentary tract consist of? 3. What important structures are there in the oral cavity? 4. Where is the stomach located? 5. What is the length and capacity of the stomach? 6. Where is the small intes­tine located and what is it composed of? 7. What is the large intestine divided into? 8. What gland is the largest one in human body? Where is it located? 9. What organ is located within the abdominal cavity on the lower surface of the liver? 10. What organ is located in the abdominal cavity under and behind the stomach?

NEW INVESTIGATIONS ON THE VASCULAR STRUCTURE OF THE HEART

1. What great scientists did much to study the structure of the human body? 2. In what century did anatomy become an exact science? 3. What and when did Seraphima Samoilova begin to study? 4. Why did S. Samoilova begin to study this particular struc­ture of the heart? 5. What conclusion did S. Samoilova come to? 6. What causes (pro­duces) the changes in the structure of the heart as a band of vessels? 7. What book did S. Samoilova include into all the findings of her research work? 8. When was this book published? 9. What does this book help surgeons to perform?

Lesson 17, Lab. Work 21.