3.1 Types of Societies (Lecture3.Society and Social interaction)

Which of the following fictional societies is an example of a pastoral society?

The Hunti, a wandering group of nomads who specialize in breeding and training horses

Which of the following occupations is a person of power most likely to have in an information

society?

Software engineer

Which of the following societies were the first to have permanent residents?

Horticultural

Organic solidarity is most likely to exist in which of the following types of societies?

Industrial

According to Marx, the _____ own the means of production in a society.

bourgeoisie

Which of the following best depicts Marx’s concept of alienation from the process of one’s labor?

A supermarket cashier always scans store coupons before company coupons because she was

taught to do it that way.

The Protestant work ethic is based on the concept of predestination, which states that ________.

a. performing good deeds in life is the only way to secure a spot in Heaven

b. salvation is only achievable through obedience to God

c. no person can be saved before he or she accepts Jesus Christ as his or her savior

d. God has already chosen those who will be saved and those who will be damned

8. The concept of the iron cage was popularized by which of the following sociological thinkers?

a. Max Weber

b. Karl Marx

c. Émile Durkheim

d. Friedrich Engels

9. Émile Durkheim’s ideas about society can best be described as ________.

a. functionalist

b. conflict theorist

c. symbolic interactionist

d. rationalist

3.3 Social Constructions of Reality

10. Mary works full-time at an office downtown while her young children stay at a neighbor’s house.

She’s just learned that the childcare provider is leaving the country. Mary has succumbed to pressure to

volunteer at her church, plus her ailing mother-in-law will be moving in with her next month. Which of

the following is likely to occur as Mary tries to balance her existing and new responsibilities?

a. Role strain

b. Self-fulfilling prophecy

c. Status conflict

d. Status strain

11. According to Peter Berger and Thomas Luckmann, society is based on ________.

a. habitual actions

b. status

c. institutionalization

d. role performance

12. Paco knows that women find him attractive, and he’s never found it hard to get a date. But as he

ages, he dyes his hair to hide the gray and wears clothes that camouflage the weight he has put on.

Paco’s behavior can be best explained by the concept of ___________.

a. role strain

b. the looking-glass self

c. role performance

d. habitualization

4.1 Theories of Self Development (Lecture4.Sociolization)

1. Socialization, as a sociological term, describes:

a. how people interact during social situations

b. how people learn societal norms, beliefs, and values

c. a person’s internal mental state when in a group setting

d. the difference between introverts and extroverts

2. The Harlows’ study on rhesus monkeys showed that:

a. rhesus monkeys raised by other primate species are poorly socialized

b. monkeys can be adequately socialized by imitating humans

c. food is more important than social comfort

d. social comfort is more important than food

3. What occurs in Lawrence Kohlberg’s conventional level?

a. Children develop the ability to have abstract thoughts.

b. Morality is developed by pain and pleasure.

c. Children begin to consider what society considers moral and immoral.

d. Parental beliefs have no influence on children’s morality.

4. What did Carol Gilligan believe earlier researchers into morality had overlooked?

a. The justice perspective

b. Sympathetic reactions to moral situations

c. The perspective of females

d. How social environment affects how morality develops

5. What is one way to distinguish between psychology and sociology?

a. Psychology focuses on the mind, while sociology focuses on society.

b. Psychologists are interested in mental health, while sociologists are interested in societal

functions.

c. Psychologists look inward to understand behavior while sociologists look outward.

d. All of the above

6. How did nearly complete isolation as a child affect Danielle’s verbal abilities?

a. She could not communicate at all.

b. She never learned words, but she did learn signs.

c. She could not understand much, but she could use gestures.

d. She could understand and use basic language like “yes” and “no.”